-- |
--   Module      :  Network.BitTorrent.Core.Node
--   Copyright   :  (c) Sam Truzjan 2013
--                  (c) Daniel Gröber 2013
--   License     :  BSD3
--   Maintainer  :  pxqr.sta@gmail.com
--   Stability   :  experimental
--   Portability :  portable
--
--   A \"node\" is a client\/server listening on a UDP port
--   implementing the distributed hash table protocol. The DHT is
--   composed of nodes and stores the location of peers. BitTorrent
--   clients include a DHT node, which is used to contact other nodes
--   in the DHT to get the location of peers to download from using
--   the BitTorrent protocol.
--
{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards            #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances          #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell            #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable         #-}
module Network.BitTorrent.Core.NodeInfo
       (  -- * Node ID
         NodeId
       , testIdBit
       , genNodeId

         -- ** Node distance
       , NodeDistance
       , distance

         -- * Node address
       , NodeAddr (..)

         -- * Node info
       , NodeInfo (..)
       , rank
       ) where

import Control.Applicative
import Data.Aeson (ToJSON, FromJSON)
import Data.Aeson.TH
import Data.Bits
import Data.ByteString as BS
import Data.ByteString.Char8 as BC
import Data.ByteString.Base16 as Base16
import Data.BEncode as BE
import Data.Default
import Data.Hashable
import Data.Foldable
import Data.IP
import Data.List as L
import Data.Monoid
import Data.Ord
import Data.Serialize as S
import Data.String
import Data.Typeable
import Data.Word
import Network
import System.Entropy
import Text.PrettyPrint as PP hiding ((<>))
import Text.PrettyPrint.Class

import Data.Torrent.JSON
import Network.BitTorrent.Core.PeerAddr (PeerAddr (..))

{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--  Node id
-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
-- TODO more compact representation ('ShortByteString's?)

-- | Each node has a globally unique identifier known as the \"node
-- ID.\"
--
--   Normally, /this/ node id should be saved between invocations
--   of the client software.
newtype NodeId = NodeId ByteString
  deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, BEncode, FromJSON, ToJSON, Typeable)

nodeIdSize :: Int
nodeIdSize = 20

-- | Meaningless node id, for testing purposes only.
instance Default NodeId where
  def = NodeId (BS.replicate nodeIdSize 0)

instance Serialize NodeId where
  get = NodeId <$> getByteString nodeIdSize
  {-# INLINE get #-}
  put (NodeId bs) = putByteString bs
  {-# INLINE put #-}

-- | ASCII encoded.
instance IsString NodeId where
  fromString str
    | L.length str == nodeIdSize = NodeId (fromString str)
    |           otherwise = error "fromString: invalid NodeId length"
  {-# INLINE fromString #-}

-- | base16 encoded.
instance Pretty NodeId where
  pretty (NodeId nid) = PP.text $ BC.unpack $ Base16.encode nid

-- | Test if the nth bit is set.
testIdBit :: NodeId -> Word -> Bool
testIdBit (NodeId bs) i
  | fromIntegral i < nodeIdSize * 8
  , (q, r) <- quotRem (fromIntegral i) 8
  = testBit (BS.index bs q) r
  |     otherwise      = False
{-# INLINE testIdBit #-}

-- TODO WARN is the 'system' random suitable for this?
-- | Generate random NodeID used for the entire session.
--   Distribution of ID's should be as uniform as possible.
--
genNodeId :: IO NodeId
genNodeId = NodeId <$> getEntropy nodeIdSize

{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--  Node distance
-----------------------------------------------------------------------}

-- | In Kademlia, the distance metric is XOR and the result is
-- interpreted as an unsigned integer.
newtype NodeDistance = NodeDistance BS.ByteString
  deriving (Eq, Ord)

instance Pretty NodeDistance where
  pretty (NodeDistance bs) = foldMap bitseq $ BS.unpack bs
    where
      listBits w = L.map (testBit w) (L.reverse [0..bitSize w - 1])
      bitseq = foldMap (int . fromEnum) . listBits

-- | distance(A,B) = |A xor B| Smaller values are closer.
distance :: NodeId -> NodeId -> NodeDistance
distance (NodeId a) (NodeId b) = NodeDistance (BS.pack (BS.zipWith xor a b))

{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--  Node address
-----------------------------------------------------------------------}

data NodeAddr a = NodeAddr
  { nodeHost ::                !a
  , nodePort :: {-# UNPACK #-} !PortNumber
  } deriving (Eq, Typeable)

$(deriveJSON omitRecordPrefix ''NodeAddr)

instance Show a => Show (NodeAddr a) where
  showsPrec i NodeAddr {..}
    = showsPrec i nodeHost <> showString ":" <> showsPrec i nodePort

instance Read (NodeAddr IPv4) where
  readsPrec i x = [ (fromPeerAddr a, s) | (a, s) <- readsPrec i x ]

-- | @127.0.0.1:6882@
instance Default (NodeAddr IPv4) where
  def = "127.0.0.1:6882"

-- | KRPC compatible encoding.
instance Serialize a => Serialize (NodeAddr a) where
  get = NodeAddr <$> get <*> get
  {-# INLINE get #-}
  put NodeAddr {..} = put nodeHost >> put nodePort
  {-# INLINE put #-}

-- | Torrent file compatible encoding.
instance BEncode a => BEncode (NodeAddr a) where
  toBEncode NodeAddr {..} = toBEncode (nodeHost, nodePort)
  {-# INLINE toBEncode #-}
  fromBEncode b = uncurry NodeAddr <$> fromBEncode b
  {-# INLINE fromBEncode #-}

instance Hashable a => Hashable (NodeAddr a) where
  hashWithSalt s NodeAddr {..} = hashWithSalt s (nodeHost, nodePort)
  {-# INLINE hashWithSalt #-}

instance Pretty ip => Pretty (NodeAddr ip) where
  pretty NodeAddr {..} = pretty nodeHost <> ":" <> pretty nodePort

-- | Example:
--
--   @nodePort \"127.0.0.1:6881\" == 6881@
--
instance IsString (NodeAddr IPv4) where
  fromString = fromPeerAddr . fromString

fromPeerAddr :: PeerAddr a -> NodeAddr a
fromPeerAddr PeerAddr {..} = NodeAddr
  { nodeHost = peerHost
  , nodePort = peerPort
  }

{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
--  Node info
-----------------------------------------------------------------------}

data NodeInfo a = NodeInfo
  { nodeId   :: !NodeId
  , nodeAddr :: !(NodeAddr a)
  } deriving (Show, Eq)

$(deriveJSON omitRecordPrefix ''NodeInfo)

instance Eq a => Ord (NodeInfo a) where
  compare = comparing nodeId

-- | KRPC 'compact list' compatible encoding: contact information for
-- nodes is encoded as a 26-byte string. Also known as "Compact node
-- info" the 20-byte Node ID in network byte order has the compact
-- IP-address/port info concatenated to the end.
instance Serialize a => Serialize (NodeInfo a) where
  get = NodeInfo <$> get <*> get
  put NodeInfo {..} = put nodeId >> put nodeAddr

instance Pretty ip => Pretty (NodeInfo ip) where
  pretty NodeInfo {..} = pretty nodeId <> "@(" <> pretty nodeAddr <> ")"

instance Pretty ip => Pretty [NodeInfo ip] where
  pretty = PP.vcat . PP.punctuate "," . L.map pretty

-- | Order by closeness: nearest nodes first.
rank :: Eq ip => NodeId -> [NodeInfo ip] -> [NodeInfo ip]
rank nid = L.sortBy (comparing (distance nid . nodeId))