/* xdelta3 - delta compression tools and library -*- Mode: C++ -*-
   Copyright 2016 Joshua MacDonald

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

#undef MT_LEN
#undef MT_IA
class MTRandom {
 public:
  enum Constants { 
    MT_LEN = 624,
    MT_IA = 397
  };

  static const uint32_t TEST_SEED1;
  static const uint32_t UPPER_MASK;
  static const uint32_t LOWER_MASK;
  static const uint32_t MATRIX_A;

  MTRandom() {
    Init(TEST_SEED1);
  }

  explicit MTRandom(uint32_t seed) {
    Init(seed);
  }

  /* This Mersenne Twister code is attributed to Michael Brundage. Thanks!
   * http://www.qbrundage.com/michaelb/pubs/essays/random_number_generation.html
   */
  uint32_t Rand32 () {
    uint32_t y;
    static unsigned long mag01[2] = { 
      0 , MATRIX_A
    };

    if (mt_index_ >= MT_LEN) {
      int kk;

      for (kk = 0; kk < MT_LEN - MT_IA; kk++) {
	y = (mt_buffer_[kk] & UPPER_MASK) | (mt_buffer_[kk + 1] & LOWER_MASK);
	mt_buffer_[kk] = mt_buffer_[kk + MT_IA] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1UL];
      }
      for (;kk < MT_LEN - 1; kk++) {
	y = (mt_buffer_[kk] & UPPER_MASK) | (mt_buffer_[kk + 1] & LOWER_MASK);
	mt_buffer_[kk] = mt_buffer_[kk + (MT_IA - MT_LEN)] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1UL];
      }
      y = (mt_buffer_[MT_LEN - 1] & UPPER_MASK) | (mt_buffer_[0] & LOWER_MASK);
      mt_buffer_[MT_LEN - 1] = mt_buffer_[MT_IA - 1] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1UL];

      mt_index_ = 0;
    }
  
    y = mt_buffer_[mt_index_++];

    y ^= (y >> 11);
    y ^= (y << 7) & 0x9d2c5680UL;
    y ^= (y << 15) & 0xefc60000UL;
    y ^= (y >> 18);

    return y;
  }

  uint32_t ExpRand32(uint32_t mean) {
    double mean_d = mean;
    double erand  = log (1.0 / (Rand32() / (double)UINT32_MAX));
    uint32_t x = (uint32_t) (mean_d * erand + 0.5);
    return x;
  }

  uint64_t Rand64() {
    return ((uint64_t)Rand32() << 32) | Rand32();
  }

  uint64_t ExpRand64(uint64_t mean) {
    double mean_d = mean;
    double erand  = log (1.0 / (Rand64() / (double)UINT32_MAX));
    uint64_t x = (uint64_t) (mean_d * erand + 0.5);
    return x;
  }

  template <typename T>
  T Rand() {
    switch (sizeof(T)) {
    case sizeof(uint32_t):
      return Rand32();
    case sizeof(uint64_t):
      return Rand64();
    default:
      cerr << "Invalid sizeof T" << endl;
      abort();
    }
  }

  template <typename T>
  T ExpRand(T mean) {
    switch (sizeof(T)) {
    case sizeof(uint32_t):
      return ExpRand32(mean);
    case sizeof(uint64_t):
      return ExpRand64(mean);
    default:
      cerr << "Invalid sizeof T" << endl;
      abort();
    }
  }

 private:
  void Init(uint32_t seed) {
    mt_buffer_[0] = seed;
    mt_index_ = MT_LEN;
    for (int i = 1; i < MT_LEN; i++) {
      /* See Knuth TAOCP Vol2. 3rd Ed. P.106 for multiplier. */
      /* In the previous versions, MSBs of the seed affect   */
      /* only MSBs of the array mt[].                        */
      /* 2002/01/09 modified by Makoto Matsumoto             */
      mt_buffer_[i] = 
	(1812433253UL * (mt_buffer_[i-1] ^ (mt_buffer_[i-1] >> 30)) + i);
    }
  }

  int mt_index_;
  uint32_t mt_buffer_[MT_LEN];
};

const uint32_t MTRandom::TEST_SEED1 = 5489UL;
const uint32_t MTRandom::UPPER_MASK = 0x80000000;
const uint32_t MTRandom::LOWER_MASK = 0x7FFFFFFF;
const uint32_t MTRandom::MATRIX_A = 0x9908B0DF;

class MTRandom8 {
public:
  MTRandom8(MTRandom *rand)
    : rand_(rand) {
  }

  uint8_t Rand8() {
    uint32_t r = rand_->Rand32();

    // TODO: make this use a single byte at a time?
    return (r & 0xff) ^ (r >> 7) ^ (r >> 15) ^ (r >> 21);
  }

private:
  MTRandom *rand_;
};