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authorColin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>2003-09-01 18:33:32 +0000
committerColin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>2003-09-01 18:33:32 +0000
commit58bfa257481a1c6938ada9bbd38801cc45633fb0 (patch)
tree385160ff5c19376a1e1bfd34fcf5c91cff42908e /ssh-keygen.0
parentae225aa5594655e3fa5685b4dd7f2ae0e1a5e2d7 (diff)
parent58657d96514cd6f16d82add8d6f4adbb36765758 (diff)
Import OpenSSH 3.6p1.
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1SSHM-bM-^@M-^PKEYGEN(1) BSD General Commands Manual SSHM-bM-^@M-^PKEYGEN(1)
2
3^[[1mNAME^[[0m
4 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mM-bMM-^R authentication key generation, management and conversion
5
6^[[1mSYNOPSIS^[[0m
7 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rq^[[22m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^Rb ^[[4m^[[22mbits^[[24m] ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rt ^[[4m^[[22mtype^[[24m [^[[1mM-bMM-^RN ^[[4m^[[22mnew_passphrase^[[24m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^RC ^[[4m^[[22mcomment^[[24m]
8 [^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22moutput_keyfile^[[24m]
9 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Rp ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^RP ^[[4m^[[22mold_passphrase^[[24m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^RN ^[[4m^[[22mnew_passphrase^[[24m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22mkeyfile^[[24m]
10 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Ri ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
11 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Re ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
12 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Ry ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
13 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Rc ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^RP ^[[4m^[[22mpassphrase^[[24m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^RC ^[[4m^[[22mcomment^[[24m] [^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22mkeyfile^[[24m]
14 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^Rl ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
15 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^RB ^[[22m[^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
16 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^RD ^[[4m^[[22mreader^[[0m
17 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen M-bMM-^RU ^[[4m^[[22mreader^[[24m [^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22minput_keyfile^[[24m]
18
19^[[1mDESCRIPTION^[[0m
20 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mgenerates, manages and converts authentication keys for
21 ssh(1). ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mcan create RSA keys for use by SSH protocol version 1
22 and RSA or DSA keys for use by SSH protocol version 2. The type of key to
23 be generated is specified with the ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rt ^[[22moption.
24
25 Normally each user wishing to use SSH with RSA or DSA authentication runs
26 this once to create the authentication key in ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/identity^[[24m,
27 ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/id_dsa^[[24m or ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa^[[24m. Additionally, the system adminM-bM-^@M-^P
28 istrator may use this to generate host keys, as seen in ^[[4m/etc/rc^[[24m.
29
30 Normally this program generates the key and asks for a file in which to
31 store the private key. The public key is stored in a file with the same
32 name but M-bM-^@M-^\.pubM-bM-^@M-^] appended. The program also asks for a passphrase. The
33 passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase (host keys must have an
34 empty passphrase), or it may be a string of arbitrary length. A
35 passphrase is similar to a password, except it can be a phrase with a
36 series of words, punctuation, numbers, whitespace, or any string of charM-bM-^@M-^P
37 acters you want. Good passphrases are 10M-bM-^@M-^P30 characters long, are not
38 simple sentences or otherwise easily guessable (English prose has only
39 1M-bM-^@M-^P2 bits of entropy per character, and provides very bad passphrases),
40 and contain a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and nonM-bM-^@M-^P
41 alphanumeric characters. The passphrase can be changed later by using
42 the ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rp ^[[22moption.
43
44 There is no way to recover a lost passphrase. If the passphrase is lost
45 or forgotten, a new key must be generated and copied to the corresponding
46 public key to other machines.
47
48 For RSA1 keys, there is also a comment field in the key file that is only
49 for convenience to the user to help identify the key. The comment can
50 tell what the key is for, or whatever is useful. The comment is initialM-bM-^@M-^P
51 ized to M-bM-^@M-^\user@hostM-bM-^@M-^] when the key is created, but can be changed using the
52 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rc ^[[22moption.
53
54 After a key is generated, instructions below detail where the keys should
55 be placed to be activated.
56
57 The options are as follows:
58
59 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rb ^[[4m^[[22mbits^[[0m
60 Specifies the number of bits in the key to create. Minimum is
61 512 bits. Generally, 1024 bits is considered sufficient. The
62 default is 1024 bits.
63
64 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rc ^[[22mRequests changing the comment in the private and public key
65 files. This operation is only supported for RSA1 keys. The proM-bM-^@M-^P
66 gram will prompt for the file containing the private keys, for
67 the passphrase if the key has one, and for the new comment.
68
69 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Re ^[[22mThis option will read a private or public OpenSSH key file and
70 print the key in a M-bM-^@M-^XSECSH Public Key File FormatM-bM-^@M-^Y to stdout.
71 This option allows exporting keys for use by several commercial
72 SSH implementations.
73
74 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rf ^[[4m^[[22mfilename^[[0m
75 Specifies the filename of the key file.
76
77 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Ri ^[[22mThis option will read an unencrypted private (or public) key file
78 in SSH2M-bM-^@M-^Pcompatible format and print an OpenSSH compatible private
79 (or public) key to stdout. ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22malso reads the M-bM-^@M-^XSECSH
80 Public Key File FormatM-bM-^@M-^Y. This option allows importing keys from
81 several commercial SSH implementations.
82
83 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rl ^[[22mShow fingerprint of specified public key file. Private RSA1 keys
84 are also supported. For RSA and DSA keys ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mtries to
85 find the matching public key file and prints its fingerprint.
86
87 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rp ^[[22mRequests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of
88 creating a new private key. The program will prompt for the file
89 containing the private key, for the old passphrase, and twice for
90 the new passphrase.
91
92 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rq ^[[22mSilence ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen^[[22m. Used by ^[[4m/etc/rc^[[24m when creating a new key.
93
94 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Ry ^[[22mThis option will read a private OpenSSH format file and print an
95 OpenSSH public key to stdout.
96
97 ^[[1mM-bMM-^Rt ^[[4m^[[22mtype^[[0m
98 Specifies the type of the key to create. The possible values are
99 M-bM-^@M-^\rsa1M-bM-^@M-^] for protocol version 1 and M-bM-^@M-^\rsaM-bM-^@M-^] or M-bM-^@M-^\dsaM-bM-^@M-^] for protocol
100 version 2.
101
102 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RB ^[[22mShow the bubblebabble digest of specified private or public key
103 file.
104
105 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RC ^[[4m^[[22mcomment^[[0m
106 Provides the new comment.
107
108 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RD ^[[4m^[[22mreader^[[0m
109 Download the RSA public key stored in the smartcard in ^[[4mreader^[[24m.
110
111 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RN ^[[4m^[[22mnew_passphrase^[[0m
112 Provides the new passphrase.
113
114 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RP ^[[4m^[[22mpassphrase^[[0m
115 Provides the (old) passphrase.
116
117 ^[[1mM-bMM-^RU ^[[4m^[[22mreader^[[0m
118 Upload an existing RSA private key into the smartcard in ^[[4mreader^[[24m.
119
120^[[1mFILES^[[0m
121 $HOME/.ssh/identity
122 Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of
123 the user. This file should not be readable by anyone but the
124 user. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the
125 key; that passphrase will be used to encrypt the private part of
126 this file using 3DES. This file is not automatically accessed by
127 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mbut it is offered as the default file for the private
128 key. ssh(1) will read this file when a login attempt is made.
129
130 $HOME/.ssh/identity.pub
131 Contains the protocol version 1 RSA public key for authenticaM-bM-^@M-^P
132 tion. The contents of this file should be added to
133 ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys^[[24m on all machines where the user wishes
134 to log in using RSA authentication. There is no need to keep the
135 contents of this file secret.
136
137 $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
138 Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of
139 the user. This file should not be readable by anyone but the
140 user. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the
141 key; that passphrase will be used to encrypt the private part of
142 this file using 3DES. This file is not automatically accessed by
143 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mbut it is offered as the default file for the private
144 key. ssh(1) will read this file when a login attempt is made.
145
146 $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
147 Contains the protocol version 2 DSA public key for authenticaM-bM-^@M-^P
148 tion. The contents of this file should be added to
149 ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys^[[24m on all machines where the user wishes
150 to log in using public key authentication. There is no need to
151 keep the contents of this file secret.
152
153 $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
154 Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of
155 the user. This file should not be readable by anyone but the
156 user. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the
157 key; that passphrase will be used to encrypt the private part of
158 this file using 3DES. This file is not automatically accessed by
159 ^[[1msshM-bM-^@M-^Pkeygen ^[[22mbut it is offered as the default file for the private
160 key. ssh(1) will read this file when a login attempt is made.
161
162 $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
163 Contains the protocol version 2 RSA public key for authenticaM-bM-^@M-^P
164 tion. The contents of this file should be added to
165 ^[[4m$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys^[[24m on all machines where the user wishes
166 to log in using public key authentication. There is no need to
167 keep the contents of this file secret.
168
169^[[1mAUTHORS^[[0m
170 OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
171 Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo
172 de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, reM-bM-^@M-^Padded newer features and creM-bM-^@M-^P
173 ated OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
174 versions 1.5 and 2.0.
175
176^[[1mSEE ALSO^[[0m
177 ssh(1), sshM-bM-^@M-^Padd(1), sshM-bM-^@M-^Pagent(1), sshd(8)
178
179 J. Galbraith and R. Thayer, ^[[4mSECSH^[[24m ^[[4mPublic^[[24m ^[[4mKey^[[24m ^[[4mFile^[[24m ^[[4mFormat^[[24m, draftM-bM-^@M-^PietfM-bM-^@M-^P
180 secshM-bM-^@M-^PpublickeyfileM-bM-^@M-^P01.txt, March 2001, work in progress material.
181
182BSD September 25, 1999 BSD