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authorColin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>2010-01-24 21:19:46 +0000
committerColin Watson <cjwatson@debian.org>2010-01-24 21:19:46 +0000
commit1e4cfeee6c17b02af09418c5afe4a4d71aaaf0c8 (patch)
tree2b17a8cdc39aef9ad5cd73ecc25b3dfaa6d2267a /sshd_config.0
parent7fe2877662d34ef04c67884cfcffce60a6444f18 (diff)
parent54af7a4ae8d455791a631bdfaade4b64436ae16a (diff)
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1SSHD_CONFIG(5) OpenBSD Programmer's Manual SSHD_CONFIG(5)
2
3NAME
4 sshd_config - OpenSSH SSH daemon configuration file
5
6SYNOPSIS
7 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
8
9DESCRIPTION
10 sshd(8) reads configuration data from /etc/ssh/sshd_config (or the file
11 specified with -f on the command line). The file contains keyword-argu-
12 ment pairs, one per line. Lines starting with `#' and empty lines are
13 interpreted as comments. Arguments may optionally be enclosed in double
14 quotes (") in order to represent arguments containing spaces.
15
16 The possible keywords and their meanings are as follows (note that key-
17 words are case-insensitive and arguments are case-sensitive):
18
19 AcceptEnv
20 Specifies what environment variables sent by the client will be
21 copied into the session's environ(7). See SendEnv in
22 ssh_config(5) for how to configure the client. Note that envi-
23 ronment passing is only supported for protocol 2. Variables are
24 specified by name, which may contain the wildcard characters `*'
25 and `?'. Multiple environment variables may be separated by
26 whitespace or spread across multiple AcceptEnv directives. Be
27 warned that some environment variables could be used to bypass
28 restricted user environments. For this reason, care should be
29 taken in the use of this directive. The default is not to accept
30 any environment variables.
31
32 AddressFamily
33 Specifies which address family should be used by sshd(8). Valid
34 arguments are ``any'', ``inet'' (use IPv4 only), or ``inet6''
35 (use IPv6 only). The default is ``any''.
36
37 AllowAgentForwarding
38 Specifies whether ssh-agent(1) forwarding is permitted. The de-
39 fault is ``yes''. Note that disabling agent forwarding does not
40 improve security unless users are also denied shell access, as
41 they can always install their own forwarders.
42
43 AllowGroups
44 This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns,
45 separated by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for
46 users whose primary group or supplementary group list matches one
47 of the patterns. Only group names are valid; a numerical group
48 ID is not recognized. By default, login is allowed for all
49 groups. The allow/deny directives are processed in the following
50 order: DenyUsers, AllowUsers, DenyGroups, and finally
51 AllowGroups.
52
53 See PATTERNS in ssh_config(5) for more information on patterns.
54
55 AllowTcpForwarding
56 Specifies whether TCP forwarding is permitted. The default is
57 ``yes''. Note that disabling TCP forwarding does not improve se-
58 curity unless users are also denied shell access, as they can al-
59 ways install their own forwarders.
60
61 AllowUsers
62 This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns,
63 separated by spaces. If specified, login is allowed only for us-
64 er names that match one of the patterns. Only user names are
65 valid; a numerical user ID is not recognized. By default, login
66 is allowed for all users. If the pattern takes the form US-
67 ER@HOST then USER and HOST are separately checked, restricting
68 logins to particular users from particular hosts. The allow/deny
69 directives are processed in the following order: DenyUsers,
70 AllowUsers, DenyGroups, and finally AllowGroups.
71
72 See PATTERNS in ssh_config(5) for more information on patterns.
73
74 AuthorizedKeysFile
75 Specifies the file that contains the public keys that can be used
76 for user authentication. AuthorizedKeysFile may contain tokens
77 of the form %T which are substituted during connection setup.
78 The following tokens are defined: %% is replaced by a literal
79 '%', %h is replaced by the home directory of the user being au-
80 thenticated, and %u is replaced by the username of that user.
81 After expansion, AuthorizedKeysFile is taken to be an absolute
82 path or one relative to the user's home directory. The default
83 is ``.ssh/authorized_keys''.
84
85 Banner The contents of the specified file are sent to the remote user
86 before authentication is allowed. If the argument is ``none''
87 then no banner is displayed. This option is only available for
88 protocol version 2. By default, no banner is displayed.
89
90 ChallengeResponseAuthentication
91 Specifies whether challenge-response authentication is allowed
92 (e.g. via PAM or though authentication styles supported in
93 login.conf(5)) The default is ``yes''.
94
95 ChrootDirectory
96 Specifies a path to chroot(2) to after authentication. This
97 path, and all its components, must be root-owned directories that
98 are not writable by any other user or group. After the chroot,
99 sshd(8) changes the working directory to the user's home directo-
100 ry.
101
102 The path may contain the following tokens that are expanded at
103 runtime once the connecting user has been authenticated: %% is
104 replaced by a literal '%', %h is replaced by the home directory
105 of the user being authenticated, and %u is replaced by the user-
106 name of that user.
107
108 The ChrootDirectory must contain the necessary files and directo-
109 ries to support the user's session. For an interactive session
110 this requires at least a shell, typically sh(1), and basic /dev
111 nodes such as null(4), zero(4), stdin(4), stdout(4), stderr(4),
112 arandom(4) and tty(4) devices. For file transfer sessions using
113 ``sftp'', no additional configuration of the environment is nec-
114 essary if the in-process sftp server is used, though sessions
115 which use logging do require /dev/log inside the chroot directory
116 (see sftp-server(8) for details).
117
118 The default is not to chroot(2).
119
120 Ciphers
121 Specifies the ciphers allowed for protocol version 2. Multiple
122 ciphers must be comma-separated. The supported ciphers are
123 ``3des-cbc'', ``aes128-cbc'', ``aes192-cbc'', ``aes256-cbc'',
124 ``aes128-ctr'', ``aes192-ctr'', ``aes256-ctr'', ``arcfour128'',
125 ``arcfour256'', ``arcfour'', ``blowfish-cbc'', and
126 ``cast128-cbc''. The default is:
127
128 aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,
129 aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,
130 aes256-cbc,arcfour
131
132 ClientAliveCountMax
133 Sets the number of client alive messages (see below) which may be
134 sent without sshd(8) receiving any messages back from the client.
135 If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are be-
136 ing sent, sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the ses-
137 sion. It is important to note that the use of client alive mes-
138 sages is very different from TCPKeepAlive (below). The client
139 alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel and there-
140 fore will not be spoofable. The TCP keepalive option enabled by
141 TCPKeepAlive is spoofable. The client alive mechanism is valu-
142 able when the client or server depend on knowing when a connec-
143 tion has become inactive.
144
145 The default value is 3. If ClientAliveInterval (see below) is
146 set to 15, and ClientAliveCountMax is left at the default, unre-
147 sponsive SSH clients will be disconnected after approximately 45
148 seconds. This option applies to protocol version 2 only.
149
150 ClientAliveInterval
151 Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has
152 been received from the client, sshd(8) will send a message
153 through the encrypted channel to request a response from the
154 client. The default is 0, indicating that these messages will
155 not be sent to the client. This option applies to protocol ver-
156 sion 2 only.
157
158 Compression
159 Specifies whether compression is allowed, or delayed until the
160 user has authenticated successfully. The argument must be
161 ``yes'', ``delayed'', or ``no''. The default is ``delayed''.
162
163 DenyGroups
164 This keyword can be followed by a list of group name patterns,
165 separated by spaces. Login is disallowed for users whose primary
166 group or supplementary group list matches one of the patterns.
167 Only group names are valid; a numerical group ID is not recog-
168 nized. By default, login is allowed for all groups. The al-
169 low/deny directives are processed in the following order:
170 DenyUsers, AllowUsers, DenyGroups, and finally AllowGroups.
171
172 See PATTERNS in ssh_config(5) for more information on patterns.
173
174 DenyUsers
175 This keyword can be followed by a list of user name patterns,
176 separated by spaces. Login is disallowed for user names that
177 match one of the patterns. Only user names are valid; a numeri-
178 cal user ID is not recognized. By default, login is allowed for
179 all users. If the pattern takes the form USER@HOST then USER and
180 HOST are separately checked, restricting logins to particular
181 users from particular hosts. The allow/deny directives are pro-
182 cessed in the following order: DenyUsers, AllowUsers, DenyGroups,
183 and finally AllowGroups.
184
185 See PATTERNS in ssh_config(5) for more information on patterns.
186
187 ForceCommand
188 Forces the execution of the command specified by ForceCommand,
189 ignoring any command supplied by the client and ~/.ssh/rc if pre-
190 sent. The command is invoked by using the user's login shell
191 with the -c option. This applies to shell, command, or subsystem
192 execution. It is most useful inside a Match block. The command
193 originally supplied by the client is available in the
194 SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND environment variable. Specifying a command
195 of ``internal-sftp'' will force the use of an in-process sftp
196 server that requires no support files when used with
197 ChrootDirectory.
198
199 GatewayPorts
200 Specifies whether remote hosts are allowed to connect to ports
201 forwarded for the client. By default, sshd(8) binds remote port
202 forwardings to the loopback address. This prevents other remote
203 hosts from connecting to forwarded ports. GatewayPorts can be
204 used to specify that sshd should allow remote port forwardings to
205 bind to non-loopback addresses, thus allowing other hosts to con-
206 nect. The argument may be ``no'' to force remote port forward-
207 ings to be available to the local host only, ``yes'' to force re-
208 mote port forwardings to bind to the wildcard address, or
209 ``clientspecified'' to allow the client to select the address to
210 which the forwarding is bound. The default is ``no''.
211
212 GSSAPIAuthentication
213 Specifies whether user authentication based on GSSAPI is allowed.
214 The default is ``no''. Note that this option applies to protocol
215 version 2 only.
216
217 GSSAPICleanupCredentials
218 Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's credentials
219 cache on logout. The default is ``yes''. Note that this option
220 applies to protocol version 2 only.
221
222 HostbasedAuthentication
223 Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication to-
224 gether with successful public key client host authentication is
225 allowed (host-based authentication). This option is similar to
226 RhostsRSAAuthentication and applies to protocol version 2 only.
227 The default is ``no''.
228
229 HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly
230 Specifies whether or not the server will attempt to perform a re-
231 verse name lookup when matching the name in the ~/.shosts,
232 ~/.rhosts, and /etc/hosts.equiv files during
233 HostbasedAuthentication. A setting of ``yes'' means that sshd(8)
234 uses the name supplied by the client rather than attempting to
235 resolve the name from the TCP connection itself. The default is
236 ``no''.
237
238 HostKey
239 Specifies a file containing a private host key used by SSH. The
240 default is /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key for protocol version 1, and
241 /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key for pro-
242 tocol version 2. Note that sshd(8) will refuse to use a file if
243 it is group/world-accessible. It is possible to have multiple
244 host key files. ``rsa1'' keys are used for version 1 and ``dsa''
245 or ``rsa'' are used for version 2 of the SSH protocol.
246
247 IgnoreRhosts
248 Specifies that .rhosts and .shosts files will not be used in
249 RhostsRSAAuthentication or HostbasedAuthentication.
250
251 /etc/hosts.equiv and /etc/shosts.equiv are still used. The de-
252 fault is ``yes''.
253
254 IgnoreUserKnownHosts
255 Specifies whether sshd(8) should ignore the user's
256 ~/.ssh/known_hosts during RhostsRSAAuthentication or
257 HostbasedAuthentication. The default is ``no''.
258
259 KerberosAuthentication
260 Specifies whether the password provided by the user for
261 PasswordAuthentication will be validated through the Kerberos
262 KDC. To use this option, the server needs a Kerberos servtab
263 which allows the verification of the KDC's identity. The default
264 is ``no''.
265
266 KerberosGetAFSToken
267 If AFS is active and the user has a Kerberos 5 TGT, attempt to
268 acquire an AFS token before accessing the user's home directory.
269 The default is ``no''.
270
271 KerberosOrLocalPasswd
272 If password authentication through Kerberos fails then the pass-
273 word will be validated via any additional local mechanism such as
274 /etc/passwd. The default is ``yes''.
275
276 KerberosTicketCleanup
277 Specifies whether to automatically destroy the user's ticket
278 cache file on logout. The default is ``yes''.
279
280 KeyRegenerationInterval
281 In protocol version 1, the ephemeral server key is automatically
282 regenerated after this many seconds (if it has been used). The
283 purpose of regeneration is to prevent decrypting captured ses-
284 sions by later breaking into the machine and stealing the keys.
285 The key is never stored anywhere. If the value is 0, the key is
286 never regenerated. The default is 3600 (seconds).
287
288 ListenAddress
289 Specifies the local addresses sshd(8) should listen on. The fol-
290 lowing forms may be used:
291
292 ListenAddress host|IPv4_addr|IPv6_addr
293 ListenAddress host|IPv4_addr:port
294 ListenAddress [host|IPv6_addr]:port
295
296 If port is not specified, sshd will listen on the address and all
297 prior Port options specified. The default is to listen on all
298 local addresses. Multiple ListenAddress options are permitted.
299 Additionally, any Port options must precede this option for non-
300 port qualified addresses.
301
302 LoginGraceTime
303 The server disconnects after this time if the user has not suc-
304 cessfully logged in. If the value is 0, there is no time limit.
305 The default is 120 seconds.
306
307 LogLevel
308 Gives the verbosity level that is used when logging messages from
309 sshd(8). The possible values are: QUIET, FATAL, ERROR, INFO,
310 VERBOSE, DEBUG, DEBUG1, DEBUG2, and DEBUG3. The default is INFO.
311 DEBUG and DEBUG1 are equivalent. DEBUG2 and DEBUG3 each specify
312 higher levels of debugging output. Logging with a DEBUG level
313 violates the privacy of users and is not recommended.
314
315 MACs Specifies the available MAC (message authentication code) algo-
316 rithms. The MAC algorithm is used in protocol version 2 for data
317 integrity protection. Multiple algorithms must be comma-separat-
318 ed. The default is:
319
320 hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,
321 hmac-ripemd160,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
322
323 Match Introduces a conditional block. If all of the criteria on the
324 Match line are satisfied, the keywords on the following lines
325 override those set in the global section of the config file, un-
326 til either another Match line or the end of the file.
327
328 The arguments to Match are one or more criteria-pattern pairs.
329 The available criteria are User, Group, Host, and Address. The
330 match patterns may consist of single entries or comma-separated
331 lists and may use the wildcard and negation operators described
332 in the PATTERNS section of ssh_config(5).
333
334 The patterns in an Address criteria may additionally contain ad-
335 dresses to match in CIDR address/masklen format, e.g.
336 ``192.0.2.0/24'' or ``3ffe:ffff::/32''. Note that the mask
337 length provided must be consistent with the address - it is an
338 error to specify a mask length that is too long for the address
339 or one with bits set in this host portion of the address. For
340 example, ``192.0.2.0/33'' and ``192.0.2.0/8'' respectively.
341
342 Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a
343 Match keyword. Available keywords are AllowAgentForwarding,
344 AllowTcpForwarding, Banner, ChrootDirectory, ForceCommand,
345 GatewayPorts, GSSAPIAuthentication, HostbasedAuthentication,
346 KbdInteractiveAuthentication, KerberosAuthentication,
347 MaxAuthTries, MaxSessions, PasswordAuthentication,
348 PermitEmptyPasswords, PermitOpen, PermitRootLogin,
349 RhostsRSAAuthentication, RSAAuthentication, X11DisplayOffset,
350 X11Forwarding and X11UseLocalHost.
351
352 MaxAuthTries
353 Specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted
354 per connection. Once the number of failures reaches half this
355 value, additional failures are logged. The default is 6.
356
357 MaxSessions
358 Specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted per net-
359 work connection. The default is 10.
360
361 MaxStartups
362 Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated con-
363 nections to the SSH daemon. Additional connections will be
364 dropped until authentication succeeds or the LoginGraceTime ex-
365 pires for a connection. The default is 10.
366
367 Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying the
368 three colon separated values ``start:rate:full'' (e.g.
369 "10:30:60"). sshd(8) will refuse connection attempts with a
370 probability of ``rate/100'' (30%) if there are currently
371 ``start'' (10) unauthenticated connections. The probability in-
372 creases linearly and all connection attempts are refused if the
373 number of unauthenticated connections reaches ``full'' (60).
374
375 PasswordAuthentication
376 Specifies whether password authentication is allowed. The de-
377 fault is ``yes''.
378
379 PermitEmptyPasswords
380 When password authentication is allowed, it specifies whether the
381 server allows login to accounts with empty password strings. The
382 default is ``no''.
383
384 PermitOpen
385 Specifies the destinations to which TCP port forwarding is per-
386 mitted. The forwarding specification must be one of the follow-
387 ing forms:
388
389 PermitOpen host:port
390 PermitOpen IPv4_addr:port
391 PermitOpen [IPv6_addr]:port
392
393 Multiple forwards may be specified by separating them with
394 whitespace. An argument of ``any'' can be used to remove all re-
395 strictions and permit any forwarding requests. By default all
396 port forwarding requests are permitted.
397
398 PermitRootLogin
399 Specifies whether root can log in using ssh(1). The argument
400 must be ``yes'', ``without-password'', ``forced-commands-only'',
401 or ``no''. The default is ``yes''.
402
403 If this option is set to ``without-password'', password authenti-
404 cation is disabled for root.
405
406 If this option is set to ``forced-commands-only'', root login
407 with public key authentication will be allowed, but only if the
408 command option has been specified (which may be useful for taking
409 remote backups even if root login is normally not allowed). All
410 other authentication methods are disabled for root.
411
412 If this option is set to ``no'', root is not allowed to log in.
413
414 PermitTunnel
415 Specifies whether tun(4) device forwarding is allowed. The argu-
416 ment must be ``yes'', ``point-to-point'' (layer 3), ``ethernet''
417 (layer 2), or ``no''. Specifying ``yes'' permits both ``point-
418 to-point'' and ``ethernet''. The default is ``no''.
419
420 PermitUserEnvironment
421 Specifies whether ~/.ssh/environment and environment= options in
422 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys are processed by sshd(8). The default is
423 ``no''. Enabling environment processing may enable users to by-
424 pass access restrictions in some configurations using mechanisms
425 such as LD_PRELOAD.
426
427 PidFile
428 Specifies the file that contains the process ID of the SSH dae-
429 mon. The default is /var/run/sshd.pid.
430
431 Port Specifies the port number that sshd(8) listens on. The default
432 is 22. Multiple options of this type are permitted. See also
433 ListenAddress.
434
435 PrintLastLog
436 Specifies whether sshd(8) should print the date and time of the
437 last user login when a user logs in interactively. The default
438 is ``yes''.
439
440 PrintMotd
441 Specifies whether sshd(8) should print /etc/motd when a user logs
442 in interactively. (On some systems it is also printed by the
443 shell, /etc/profile, or equivalent.) The default is ``yes''.
444
445 Protocol
446 Specifies the protocol versions sshd(8) supports. The possible
447 values are `1' and `2'. Multiple versions must be comma-separat-
448 ed. The default is ``2,1''. Note that the order of the protocol
449 list does not indicate preference, because the client selects
450 among multiple protocol versions offered by the server. Specify-
451 ing ``2,1'' is identical to ``1,2''.
452
453 PubkeyAuthentication
454 Specifies whether public key authentication is allowed. The de-
455 fault is ``yes''. Note that this option applies to protocol ver-
456 sion 2 only.
457
458 RhostsRSAAuthentication
459 Specifies whether rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv authentication to-
460 gether with successful RSA host authentication is allowed. The
461 default is ``no''. This option applies to protocol version 1 on-
462 ly.
463
464 RSAAuthentication
465 Specifies whether pure RSA authentication is allowed. The de-
466 fault is ``yes''. This option applies to protocol version 1 on-
467 ly.
468
469 ServerKeyBits
470 Defines the number of bits in the ephemeral protocol version 1
471 server key. The minimum value is 512, and the default is 1024.
472
473 StrictModes
474 Specifies whether sshd(8) should check file modes and ownership
475 of the user's files and home directory before accepting login.
476 This is normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally
477 leave their directory or files world-writable. The default is
478 ``yes''.
479
480 Subsystem
481 Configures an external subsystem (e.g. file transfer daemon).
482 Arguments should be a subsystem name and a command (with optional
483 arguments) to execute upon subsystem request.
484
485 The command sftp-server(8) implements the ``sftp'' file transfer
486 subsystem.
487
488 Alternately the name ``internal-sftp'' implements an in-process
489 ``sftp'' server. This may simplify configurations using
490 ChrootDirectory to force a different filesystem root on clients.
491
492 By default no subsystems are defined. Note that this option ap-
493 plies to protocol version 2 only.
494
495 SyslogFacility
496 Gives the facility code that is used when logging messages from
497 sshd(8). The possible values are: DAEMON, USER, AUTH, LOCAL0,
498 LOCAL1, LOCAL2, LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. The de-
499 fault is AUTH.
500
501 TCPKeepAlive
502 Specifies whether the system should send TCP keepalive messages
503 to the other side. If they are sent, death of the connection or
504 crash of one of the machines will be properly noticed. However,
505 this means that connections will die if the route is down tem-
506 porarily, and some people find it annoying. On the other hand,
507 if TCP keepalives are not sent, sessions may hang indefinitely on
508 the server, leaving ``ghost'' users and consuming server re-
509 sources.
510
511 The default is ``yes'' (to send TCP keepalive messages), and the
512 server will notice if the network goes down or the client host
513 crashes. This avoids infinitely hanging sessions.
514
515 To disable TCP keepalive messages, the value should be set to
516 ``no''.
517
518 UseDNS Specifies whether sshd(8) should look up the remote host name and
519 check that the resolved host name for the remote IP address maps
520 back to the very same IP address. The default is ``yes''.
521
522 UseLogin
523 Specifies whether login(1) is used for interactive login ses-
524 sions. The default is ``no''. Note that login(1) is never used
525 for remote command execution. Note also, that if this is en-
526 abled, X11Forwarding will be disabled because login(1) does not
527 know how to handle xauth(1) cookies. If UsePrivilegeSeparation
528 is specified, it will be disabled after authentication.
529
530 UsePAM Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. If set to
531 ``yes'' this will enable PAM authentication using
532 ChallengeResponseAuthentication and PasswordAuthentication in ad-
533 dition to PAM account and session module processing for all au-
534 thentication types.
535
536 Because PAM challenge-response authentication usually serves an
537 equivalent role to password authentication, you should disable
538 either PasswordAuthentication or ChallengeResponseAuthentication.
539
540 If UsePAM is enabled, you will not be able to run sshd(8) as a
541 non-root user. The default is ``no''.
542
543 UsePrivilegeSeparation
544 Specifies whether sshd(8) separates privileges by creating an un-
545 privileged child process to deal with incoming network traffic.
546 After successful authentication, another process will be created
547 that has the privilege of the authenticated user. The goal of
548 privilege separation is to prevent privilege escalation by con-
549 taining any corruption within the unprivileged processes. The
550 default is ``yes''.
551
552 X11DisplayOffset
553 Specifies the first display number available for sshd(8)'s X11
554 forwarding. This prevents sshd from interfering with real X11
555 servers. The default is 10.
556
557 X11Forwarding
558 Specifies whether X11 forwarding is permitted. The argument must
559 be ``yes'' or ``no''. The default is ``no''.
560
561 When X11 forwarding is enabled, there may be additional exposure
562 to the server and to client displays if the sshd(8) proxy display
563 is configured to listen on the wildcard address (see
564 X11UseLocalhost below), though this is not the default. Addi-
565 tionally, the authentication spoofing and authentication data
566 verification and substitution occur on the client side. The se-
567 curity risk of using X11 forwarding is that the client's X11 dis-
568 play server may be exposed to attack when the SSH client requests
569 forwarding (see the warnings for ForwardX11 in ssh_config(5)). A
570 system administrator may have a stance in which they want to pro-
571 tect clients that may expose themselves to attack by unwittingly
572 requesting X11 forwarding, which can warrant a ``no'' setting.
573
574 Note that disabling X11 forwarding does not prevent users from
575 forwarding X11 traffic, as users can always install their own
576 forwarders. X11 forwarding is automatically disabled if UseLogin
577 is enabled.
578
579 X11UseLocalhost
580 Specifies whether sshd(8) should bind the X11 forwarding server
581 to the loopback address or to the wildcard address. By default,
582 sshd binds the forwarding server to the loopback address and sets
583 the hostname part of the DISPLAY environment variable to
584 ``localhost''. This prevents remote hosts from connecting to the
585 proxy display. However, some older X11 clients may not function
586 with this configuration. X11UseLocalhost may be set to ``no'' to
587 specify that the forwarding server should be bound to the wild-
588 card address. The argument must be ``yes'' or ``no''. The de-
589 fault is ``yes''.
590
591 XAuthLocation
592 Specifies the full pathname of the xauth(1) program. The default
593 is /usr/X11R6/bin/xauth.
594
595TIME FORMATS
596 sshd(8) command-line arguments and configuration file options that speci-
597 fy time may be expressed using a sequence of the form: time[qualifier],
598 where time is a positive integer value and qualifier is one of the fol-
599 lowing:
600
601 <none> seconds
602 s | S seconds
603 m | M minutes
604 h | H hours
605 d | D days
606 w | W weeks
607
608 Each member of the sequence is added together to calculate the total time
609 value.
610
611 Time format examples:
612
613 600 600 seconds (10 minutes)
614 10m 10 minutes
615 1h30m 1 hour 30 minutes (90 minutes)
616
617FILES
618 /etc/ssh/sshd_config
619 Contains configuration data for sshd(8). This file should be
620 writable by root only, but it is recommended (though not neces-
621 sary) that it be world-readable.
622
623SEE ALSO
624 sshd(8)
625
626AUTHORS
627 OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
628 Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo
629 de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and cre-
630 ated OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
631 versions 1.5 and 2.0. Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support
632 for privilege separation.
633
634OpenBSD 4.6 April 21, 2009 10