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1.\" $OpenBSD: moduli.5,v 1.11 2007/05/31 19:19:58 jmc Exp $
2.\"
3.\" Copyright 1997, 2000 William Allen Simpson <wsimpson@greendragon.com>
4.\" All rights reserved.
5.\"
6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8.\" are met:
9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
15.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
16.\" This product includes software designed by William Allen Simpson.
17.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
18.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
22.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
23.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
24.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
25.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
26.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
27.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
28.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
29.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30.\"
31.\" Manual page, using -mandoc macros
32.\"
33.Dd December 24 2007
34.Dt MODULI 5
35.Os
36.Sh NAME
37.Nm moduli
38.Nd system moduli file
39.Sh DESCRIPTION
40The
41.Pa /etc/ssh/moduli
42file contains the system-wide Diffie-Hellman prime moduli for
43.Xr sshd 8 .
44.Pp
45Each line in this file contains the following fields:
46Time, Type, Tests, Tries, Size, Generator, Modulus.
47The fields are separated by white space (tab or blank).
48.Pp
49.Fa Time : yyyymmddhhmmss .
50Specifies the system time that the line was appended to the file.
51The value 00000000000000 means unknown (historic).
52.\"The file is sorted in ascending order.
53.Pp
54.Fa Type : decimal .
55Specifies the internal structure of the prime modulus.
56.Pp
57.Bl -tag -width indent -offset indent -compact
58.It 0 :
59unknown;
60often learned from peer during protocol operation,
61and saved for later analysis.
62.It 1 :
63unstructured;
64a common large number.
65.It 2 :
66safe (p = 2q + 1);
67meets basic structural requirements.
68.It 3 :
69Schnorr.
70.It 4 :
71Sophie-Germain (q = (p-1)/2);
72usually generated in the process of testing safe or strong primes.
73.It 5 :
74strong;
75useful for RSA public key generation.
76.El
77.Pp
78.Fa Tests : decimal (bit field) .
79Specifies the methods used in checking for primality.
80Usually, more than one test is used.
81.Pp
82.Bl -tag -width indent -offset indent -compact
83.It 0 :
84not tested;
85often learned from peer during protocol operation,
86and saved for later analysis.
87.It 1 :
88composite;
89failed one or more tests.
90In this case, the highest bit specifies the test that failed.
91.It 2 :
92sieve;
93checked for division by a range of smaller primes.
94.It 4 :
95Miller-Rabin.
96.It 8 :
97Jacobi.
98.It 16 :
99Elliptic Curve.
100.El
101.Pp
102.Fa Tries : decimal .
103Depends on the value of the highest valid Test bit,
104where the method specified is:
105.Pp
106.Bl -tag -width indent -offset indent -compact
107.It 0 :
108not tested
109(always zero).
110.It 1 :
111composite
112(irrelevant).
113.It 2 :
114sieve;
115number of primes sieved.
116Commonly on the order of 32,000,000.
117.It 4 :
118Miller-Rabin;
119number of M-R iterations.
120Commonly on the order of 32 to 64.
121.It 8 :
122Jacobi;
123unknown
124(always zero).
125.It 16 :
126Elliptic Curve;
127unused
128(always zero).
129.El
130.Pp
131.Fa Size : decimal .
132Specifies the number of the most significant bit (0 to M).
133.Pp
134.Fa Generator : hex string .
135Specifies the best generator for a Diffie-Hellman exchange.
1360 = unknown or variable,
1372, 3, 5, etc.
138.Pp
139.Fa Modulus : hex string .
140The prime modulus.
141.Pp
142The file is searched for moduli that meet the appropriate
143Time, Size and Generator criteria.
144When more than one meet the criteria,
145the selection should be weighted toward newer moduli,
146without completely disqualifying older moduli.
147.Pp
148New moduli may be generated using the
149.Xr ssh-keygen 1
150tool.
151.Sh FILES
152.Bl -tag -width /etc/ssh/moduli -compact
153.It Pa /etc/ssh/moduli
154.El
155.Sh SEE ALSO
156.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
157.Xr sshd 8