1 files changed, 110 insertions, 108 deletions

diff --git a/sshd.0 b/sshd.0
index 937e35906..60be52888 100644
--- a/sshd.0
+++ b/sshd.0
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-SSHD(8)                   BSD System ManagerM-bM-^@M-^Ys Manual                  SSHD(8)
+SSHD(8)                 OpenBSD System Manager's Manual                SSHD(8)
 
 NAME
      sshd - OpenSSH SSH daemon
@@ -14,24 +14,25 @@ DESCRIPTION
      intended to be as easy to install and use as possible.
 
      sshd is the daemon that listens for connections from clients.  It is nor-
-     mally started at boot from /etc/rc.  It forks a new daemon for each
-     incoming connection.  The forked daemons handle key exchange, encryption,
+     mally started at boot from /etc/rc.  It forks a new daemon for each in-
+     coming connection.  The forked daemons handle key exchange, encryption,
      authentication, command execution, and data exchange.  This implementa-
      tion of sshd supports both SSH protocol version 1 and 2 simultaneously.
      sshd works as follows:
 
    SSH protocol version 1
+
      Each host has a host-specific RSA key (normally 1024 bits) used to iden-
      tify the host.  Additionally, when the daemon starts, it generates a
-     server RSA key (normally 768 bits).  This key is normally regenerated
-     every hour if it has been used, and is never stored on disk.
+     server RSA key (normally 768 bits).  This key is normally regenerated ev-
+     ery hour if it has been used, and is never stored on disk.
 
      Whenever a client connects, the daemon responds with its public host and
      server keys.  The client compares the RSA host key against its own
      database to verify that it has not changed.  The client then generates a
      256 bit random number.  It encrypts this random number using both the
-     host key and the server key, and sends the encrypted number to the
-     server.  Both sides then use this random number as a session key which is
+     host key and the server key, and sends the encrypted number to the serv-
+     er.  Both sides then use this random number as a session key which is
      used to encrypt all further communications in the session.  The rest of
      the session is encrypted using a conventional cipher, currently Blowfish
      or 3DES, with 3DES being used by default.  The client selects the encryp-
@@ -39,19 +40,19 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
      Next, the server and the client enter an authentication dialog.  The
      client tries to authenticate itself using .rhosts authentication, .rhosts
-     authentication combined with RSA host authentication, RSA challenge-
-     response authentication, or password based authentication.
+     authentication combined with RSA host authentication, RSA challenge-re-
+     sponse authentication, or password based authentication.
 
      Regardless of the authentication type, the account is checked to ensure
      that it is accessible.  An account is not accessible if it is locked,
      listed in DenyUsers or its group is listed in DenyGroups .  The defini-
      tion of a locked account is system dependant. Some platforms have their
-     own account database (eg AIX) and some modify the passwd field ( M-bM-^@M-^X*LK*M-bM-^@M-^Y
-     on Solaris, M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y on HP-UX, containing M-bM-^@M-^XNologinM-bM-^@M-^Y on Tru64 and a leading
-     M-bM-^@M-^X!!M-bM-^@M-^Y on Linux).  If there is a requirement to disable password authenti-
+     own account database (eg AIX) and some modify the passwd field ( `*LK*'
+     on Solaris, `*' on HP-UX, containing `Nologin' on Tru64 and a leading
+     `!!' on Linux).  If there is a requirement to disable password authenti-
      cation for the account while allowing still public-key, then the passwd
-     field should be set to something other than these values (eg M-bM-^@M-^XNPM-bM-^@M-^Y or
-     M-bM-^@M-^X*NP*M-bM-^@M-^Y ).
+     field should be set to something other than these values (eg `NP' or
+     `*NP*' ).
 
      Rhosts authentication is normally disabled because it is fundamentally
      insecure, but can be enabled in the server configuration file if desired.
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
      abled (thus completely disabling rlogin and rsh into the machine).
 
    SSH protocol version 2
+
      Version 2 works similarly: Each host has a host-specific key (RSA or DSA)
      used to identify the host.  However, when the daemon starts, it does not
      generate a server key.  Forward security is provided through a Diffie-
@@ -67,10 +69,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
      The rest of the session is encrypted using a symmetric cipher, currently
      128 bit AES, Blowfish, 3DES, CAST128, Arcfour, 192 bit AES, or 256 bit
-     AES.  The client selects the encryption algorithm to use from those
-     offered by the server.  Additionally, session integrity is provided
-     through a cryptographic message authentication code (hmac-sha1 or hmac-
-     md5).
+     AES.  The client selects the encryption algorithm to use from those of-
+     fered by the server.  Additionally, session integrity is provided through
+     a cryptographic message authentication code (hmac-sha1 or hmac-md5).
 
      Protocol version 2 provides a public key based user (PubkeyAuthentica-
      tion) or client host (HostbasedAuthentication) authentication method,
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
      ods.
 
    Command execution and data forwarding
+
      If the client successfully authenticates itself, a dialog for preparing
      the session is entered.  At this time the client may request things like
      allocating a pseudo-tty, forwarding X11 connections, forwarding TCP/IP
@@ -110,8 +112,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
      -d      Debug mode.  The server sends verbose debug output to the system
              log, and does not put itself in the background.  The server also
              will not fork and will only process one connection.  This option
-             is only intended for debugging for the server.  Multiple -d
-             options increase the debugging level.  Maximum is 3.
+             is only intended for debugging for the server.  Multiple -d op-
+             tions increase the debugging level.  Maximum is 3.
 
      -e      When this option is specified, sshd will send the output to the
              standard error instead of the system log.
@@ -122,10 +124,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
              figuration file.
 
      -g login_grace_time
-             Gives the grace time for clients to authenticate themselves
-             (default 120 seconds).  If the client fails to authenticate the
-             user within this many seconds, the server disconnects and exits.
-             A value of zero indicates no limit.
+             Gives the grace time for clients to authenticate themselves (de-
+             fault 120 seconds).  If the client fails to authenticate the user
+             within this many seconds, the server disconnects and exits.  A
+             value of zero indicates no limit.
 
      -h host_key_file
              Specifies a file from which a host key is read.  This option must
@@ -139,9 +141,9 @@ DESCRIPTION
      -i      Specifies that sshd is being run from inetd(8).  sshd is normally
              not run from inetd because it needs to generate the server key
              before it can respond to the client, and this may take tens of
-             seconds.  Clients would have to wait too long if the key was
-             regenerated every time.  However, with small key sizes (e.g.,
-             512) using sshd from inetd may be feasible.
+             seconds.  Clients would have to wait too long if the key was re-
+             generated every time.  However, with small key sizes (e.g., 512)
+             using sshd from inetd may be feasible.
 
      -k key_gen_time
              Specifies how often the ephemeral protocol version 1 server key
@@ -163,8 +165,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
              fied in the configuration file are ignored when a command-line
              port is specified.
 
-     -q      Quiet mode.  Nothing is sent to the system log.  Normally the
-             beginning, authentication, and termination of each connection is
+     -q      Quiet mode.  Nothing is sent to the system log.  Normally the be-
+             ginning, authentication, and termination of each connection is
              logged.
 
      -t      Test mode.  Only check the validity of the configuration file and
@@ -179,10 +181,10 @@ DESCRIPTION
              indicates that only dotted decimal addresses should be put into
              the utmp file.  -u0 may also be used to prevent sshd from making
              DNS requests unless the authentication mechanism or configuration
-             requires it.  Authentication mechanisms that may require DNS
-             include RhostsRSAAuthentication, HostbasedAuthentication and
-             using a from="pattern-list" option in a key file.  Configuration
-             options that require DNS include using a USER@HOST pattern in
+             requires it.  Authentication mechanisms that may require DNS in-
+             clude RhostsRSAAuthentication, HostbasedAuthentication and using
+             a from="pattern-list" option in a key file.  Configuration op-
+             tions that require DNS include using a USER@HOST pattern in
              AllowUsers or DenyUsers.
 
      -D      When this option is specified sshd will not detach and does not
@@ -214,18 +216,18 @@ LOGIN PROCESS
 
            5.   Sets up basic environment.
 
-           6.   Reads $HOME/.ssh/environment if it exists and users are
-                allowed to change their environment.  See the
+           6.   Reads $HOME/.ssh/environment if it exists and users are al-
+                lowed to change their environment.  See the
                 PermitUserEnvironment option in sshd_config(5).
 
-           7.   Changes to userM-bM-^@M-^Ys home directory.
+           7.   Changes to user's home directory.
 
-           8.   If $HOME/.ssh/rc exists, runs it; else if /etc/ssh/sshrc
-                exists, runs it; otherwise runs xauth.  The M-bM-^@M-^\rcM-bM-^@M-^] files are
+           8.   If $HOME/.ssh/rc exists, runs it; else if /etc/ssh/sshrc ex-
+                ists, runs it; otherwise runs xauth.  The ``rc'' files are
                 given the X11 authentication protocol and cookie in standard
                 input.
 
-           9.   Runs userM-bM-^@M-^Ys shell or command.
+           9.   Runs user's shell or command.
 
 AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
      $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys is the default file that lists the public keys
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
      AuthorizedKeysFile may be used to specify an alternative file.
 
      Each line of the file contains one key (empty lines and lines starting
-     with a M-bM-^@M-^X#M-bM-^@M-^Y are ignored as comments).  Each RSA public key consists of the
+     with a `#' are ignored as comments).  Each RSA public key consists of the
      following fields, separated by spaces: options, bits, exponent, modulus,
      comment.  Each protocol version 2 public key consists of: options, key-
      type, base64 encoded key, comment.  The options field is optional; its
@@ -242,11 +244,11 @@ AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
      (the options field never starts with a number).  The bits, exponent, mod-
      ulus and comment fields give the RSA key for protocol version 1; the com-
      ment field is not used for anything (but may be convenient for the user
-     to identify the key).  For protocol version 2 the keytype is M-bM-^@M-^\ssh-dssM-bM-^@M-^] or
-     M-bM-^@M-^\ssh-rsaM-bM-^@M-^].
+     to identify the key).  For protocol version 2 the keytype is ``ssh-dss''
+     or ``ssh-rsa''.
 
-     Note that lines in this file are usually several hundred bytes long
-     (because of the size of the public key encoding).  You donM-bM-^@M-^Yt want to type
+     Note that lines in this file are usually several hundred bytes long (be-
+     cause of the size of the public key encoding).  You don't want to type
      them in; instead, copy the identity.pub, id_dsa.pub or the id_rsa.pub
      file and edit it.
 
@@ -261,31 +263,31 @@ AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
      from="pattern-list"
              Specifies that in addition to public key authentication, the
              canonical name of the remote host must be present in the comma-
-             separated list of patterns (M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y and M-bM-^@M-^X?M-bM-^@M-^Y serve as wildcards).  The
+             separated list of patterns (`*' and `?' serve as wildcards).  The
              list may also contain patterns negated by prefixing them with
-             M-bM-^@M-^X!M-bM-^@M-^Y; if the canonical host name matches a negated pattern, the
+             `!'; if the canonical host name matches a negated pattern, the
              key is not accepted.  The purpose of this option is to optionally
              increase security: public key authentication by itself does not
              trust the network or name servers or anything (but the key); how-
-             ever, if somebody somehow steals the key, the key permits an
-             intruder to log in from anywhere in the world.  This additional
-             option makes using a stolen key more difficult (name servers
-             and/or routers would have to be compromised in addition to just
-             the key).
+             ever, if somebody somehow steals the key, the key permits an in-
+             truder to log in from anywhere in the world.  This additional op-
+             tion makes using a stolen key more difficult (name servers and/or
+             routers would have to be compromised in addition to just the
+             key).
 
      command="command"
              Specifies that the command is executed whenever this key is used
              for authentication.  The command supplied by the user (if any) is
              ignored.  The command is run on a pty if the client requests a
              pty; otherwise it is run without a tty.  If an 8-bit clean chan-
-             nel is required, one must not request a pty or should specify
-             no-pty.  A quote may be included in the command by quoting it
-             with a backslash.  This option might be useful to restrict cer-
-             tain public keys to perform just a specific operation.  An exam-
-             ple might be a key that permits remote backups but nothing else.
-             Note that the client may specify TCP/IP and/or X11 forwarding
-             unless they are explicitly prohibited.  Note that this option
-             applies to shell, command or subsystem execution.
+             nel is required, one must not request a pty or should specify no-
+             pty.  A quote may be included in the command by quoting it with a
+             backslash.  This option might be useful to restrict certain pub-
+             lic keys to perform just a specific operation.  An example might
+             be a key that permits remote backups but nothing else.  Note that
+             the client may specify TCP/IP and/or X11 forwarding unless they
+             are explicitly prohibited.  Note that this option applies to
+             shell, command or subsystem execution.
 
      environment="NAME=value"
              Specifies that the string is to be added to the environment when
@@ -297,8 +299,8 @@ AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
 
      no-port-forwarding
              Forbids TCP/IP forwarding when this key is used for authentica-
-             tion.  Any port forward requests by the client will return an
-             error.  This might be used, e.g., in connection with the command
+             tion.  Any port forward requests by the client will return an er-
+             ror.  This might be used, e.g., in connection with the command
              option.
 
      no-X11-forwarding
@@ -312,45 +314,45 @@ AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT
      no-pty  Prevents tty allocation (a request to allocate a pty will fail).
 
      permitopen="host:port"
-             Limit local M-bM-^@M-^XM-bM-^@M-^Xssh -LM-bM-^@M-^YM-bM-^@M-^Y port forwarding such that it may only con-
+             Limit local ``ssh -L'' port forwarding such that it may only con-
              nect to the specified host and port.  IPv6 addresses can be spec-
              ified with an alternative syntax: host/port.  Multiple permitopen
              options may be applied separated by commas.  No pattern matching
-             is performed on the specified hostnames, they must be literal
-             domains or addresses.
+             is performed on the specified hostnames, they must be literal do-
+             mains or addresses.
 
    Examples
      1024 33 12121...312314325 ylo@foo.bar
 
      from="*.niksula.hut.fi,!pc.niksula.hut.fi" 1024 35 23...2334 ylo@niksula
 
-     command="dump /home",no-pty,no-port-forwarding 1024 33 23...2323
-     backup.hut.fi
+     command="dump /home",no-pty,no-port-forwarding 1024 33 23...2323 back-
+     up.hut.fi
 
      permitopen="10.2.1.55:80",permitopen="10.2.1.56:25" 1024 33 23...2323
 
 SSH_KNOWN_HOSTS FILE FORMAT
      The /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts and $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts files contain
      host public keys for all known hosts.  The global file should be prepared
-     by the administrator (optional), and the per-user file is maintained
-     automatically: whenever the user connects from an unknown host its key is
+     by the administrator (optional), and the per-user file is maintained au-
+     tomatically: whenever the user connects from an unknown host its key is
      added to the per-user file.
 
      Each line in these files contains the following fields: hostnames, bits,
      exponent, modulus, comment.  The fields are separated by spaces.
 
-     Hostnames is a comma-separated list of patterns (M-bM-^@M-^X*M-bM-^@M-^Y and M-bM-^@M-^X?M-bM-^@M-^Y act as wild-
+     Hostnames is a comma-separated list of patterns (`*' and `?' act as wild-
      cards); each pattern in turn is matched against the canonical host name
      (when authenticating a client) or against the user-supplied name (when
-     authenticating a server).  A pattern may also be preceded by M-bM-^@M-^X!M-bM-^@M-^Y to indi-
-     cate negation: if the host name matches a negated pattern, it is not
-     accepted (by that line) even if it matched another pattern on the line.
+     authenticating a server).  A pattern may also be preceded by `!' to indi-
+     cate negation: if the host name matches a negated pattern, it is not ac-
+     cepted (by that line) even if it matched another pattern on the line.
 
      Bits, exponent, and modulus are taken directly from the RSA host key;
      they can be obtained, e.g., from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub.  The optional
      comment field continues to the end of the line, and is not used.
 
-     Lines starting with M-bM-^@M-^X#M-bM-^@M-^Y and empty lines are ignored as comments.
+     Lines starting with `#' and empty lines are ignored as comments.
 
      When performing host authentication, authentication is accepted if any
      matching line has the proper key.  It is thus permissible (but not recom-
@@ -361,11 +363,12 @@ SSH_KNOWN_HOSTS FILE FORMAT
      be found from either file.
 
      Note that the lines in these files are typically hundreds of characters
-     long, and you definitely donM-bM-^@M-^Yt want to type in the host keys by hand.
+     long, and you definitely don't want to type in the host keys by hand.
      Rather, generate them by a script or by taking /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
      and adding the host names at the front.
 
    Examples
+
      closenet,...,130.233.208.41 1024 37 159...93 closenet.hut.fi
      cvs.openbsd.org,199.185.137.3 ssh-rsa AAAA1234.....=
 
@@ -409,11 +412,11 @@ FILES
 
      $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
              Lists the public keys (RSA or DSA) that can be used to log into
-             the userM-bM-^@M-^Ys account.  This file must be readable by root (which
-             may on some machines imply it being world-readable if the userM-bM-^@M-^Ys
+             the user's account.  This file must be readable by root (which
+             may on some machines imply it being world-readable if the user's
              home directory resides on an NFS volume).  It is recommended that
-             it not be accessible by others.  The format of this file is
-             described above.  Users will place the contents of their
+             it not be accessible by others.  The format of this file is de-
+             scribed above.  Users will place the contents of their
              identity.pub, id_dsa.pub and/or id_rsa.pub files into this file,
              as described in ssh-keygen(1).
 
@@ -434,8 +437,8 @@ FILES
              world-readable.
 
      /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
-             Access controls that should be enforced by tcp-wrappers are
-             defined here.  Further details are described in hosts_access(5).
+             Access controls that should be enforced by tcp-wrappers are de-
+             fined here.  Further details are described in hosts_access(5).
 
      $HOME/.rhosts
              This file contains host-username pairs, separated by a space, one
@@ -460,22 +463,21 @@ FILES
              they have the same user name on both machines.  The host name may
              also be followed by a user name; such users are permitted to log
              in as any user on this machine (except root).  Additionally, the
-             syntax M-bM-^@M-^\+@groupM-bM-^@M-^] can be used to specify netgroups.  Negated
-             entries start with M-bM-^@M-^X-M-bM-^@M-^Y.
+             syntax ``+@group'' can be used to specify netgroups.  Negated en-
+             tries start with `-'.
 
-             If the client host/user is successfully matched in this file,
-             login is automatically permitted provided the client and server
-             user names are the same.  Additionally, successful RSA host
-             authentication is normally required.  This file must be writable
-             only by root; it is recommended that it be world-readable.
+             If the client host/user is successfully matched in this file, lo-
+             gin is automatically permitted provided the client and server us-
+             er names are the same.  Additionally, successful RSA host authen-
+             tication is normally required.  This file must be writable only
+             by root; it is recommended that it be world-readable.
 
              Warning: It is almost never a good idea to use user names in
              hosts.equiv.  Beware that it really means that the named user(s)
              can log in as anybody, which includes bin, daemon, adm, and other
-             accounts that own critical binaries and directories.  Using a
-             user name practically grants the user root access.  The only
-             valid use for user names that I can think of is in negative
-             entries.
+             accounts that own critical binaries and directories.  Using a us-
+             er name practically grants the user root access.  The only valid
+             use for user names that I can think of is in negative entries.
 
              Note that this warning also applies to rsh/rlogin.
 
@@ -487,33 +489,33 @@ FILES
      $HOME/.ssh/environment
              This file is read into the environment at login (if it exists).
              It can only contain empty lines, comment lines (that start with
-             M-bM-^@M-^X#M-bM-^@M-^Y), and assignment lines of the form name=value.  The file
+             `#'), and assignment lines of the form name=value.  The file
              should be writable only by the user; it need not be readable by
              anyone else.  Environment processing is disabled by default and
              is controlled via the PermitUserEnvironment option.
 
      $HOME/.ssh/rc
-             If this file exists, it is run with /bin/sh after reading the
-             environment files but before starting the userM-bM-^@M-^Ys shell or com-
-             mand.  It must not produce any output on stdout; stderr must be
-             used instead.  If X11 forwarding is in use, it will receive the
-             "proto cookie" pair in its standard input (and DISPLAY in its
-             environment).  The script must call xauth(1) because sshd will
-             not run xauth automatically to add X11 cookies.
+             If this file exists, it is run with /bin/sh after reading the en-
+             vironment files but before starting the user's shell or command.
+             It must not produce any output on stdout; stderr must be used in-
+             stead.  If X11 forwarding is in use, it will receive the "proto
+             cookie" pair in its standard input (and DISPLAY in its environ-
+             ment).  The script must call xauth(1) because sshd will not run
+             xauth automatically to add X11 cookies.
 
              The primary purpose of this file is to run any initialization
-             routines which may be needed before the userM-bM-^@M-^Ys home directory
-             becomes accessible; AFS is a particular example of such an envi-
-             ronment.
+             routines which may be needed before the user's home directory be-
+             comes accessible; AFS is a particular example of such an environ-
+             ment.
 
              This file will probably contain some initialization code followed
              by something similar to:
 
              if read proto cookie && [ -n "$DISPLAY" ]; then
-                     if [ M-bM-^@M-^Xecho $DISPLAY | cut -c1-10M-bM-^@M-^X = M-bM-^@M-^Ylocalhost:M-bM-^@M-^Y ]; then
+                     if [ `echo $DISPLAY | cut -c1-10` = 'localhost:' ]; then
                              # X11UseLocalhost=yes
-                             echo add unix:M-bM-^@M-^Xecho $DISPLAY |
-                                 cut -c11-M-bM-^@M-^X $proto $cookie
+                             echo add unix:`echo $DISPLAY |
+                                 cut -c11-` $proto $cookie
                      else
                              # X11UseLocalhost=no
                              echo add $DISPLAY $proto $cookie
@@ -546,9 +548,9 @@ SEE ALSO
 AUTHORS
      OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by
      Tatu Ylonen.  Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo
-     de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and cre-
-     ated OpenSSH.  Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
+     de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
+     created OpenSSH.  Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol
      versions 1.5 and 2.0.  Niels Provos and Markus Friedl contributed support
      for privilege separation.
 
-BSD                           September 25, 1999                           BSD
+OpenBSD 3.4                   September 25, 1999                             9