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[ssh-add.1 ssh.1 ssh_config.5]
mention loading of certificate files from [private]-cert.pub when
they are present; feedback and ok jmc@
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[ssh-add.1 ssh-keygen.1 ssh.1 ssh_config.5]
pkcs#11 is no longer optional; improve wording; ok jmc@
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[pathnames.h readconf.c readconf.h scp.1 sftp.1 ssh-add.1 ssh-add.c]
[ssh-agent.c ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen.c ssh.1 ssh.c ssh_config.5]
replace our obsolete smartcard code with PKCS#11.
ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-11/v2-20/pkcs-11v2-20.pdf
ssh(1) and ssh-keygen(1) use dlopen(3) directly to talk to a PKCS#11
provider (shared library) while ssh-agent(1) delegates PKCS#11 to
a forked a ssh-pkcs11-helper process.
PKCS#11 is currently a compile time option.
feedback and ok djm@; inspired by patches from Alon Bar-Lev
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[channels.c ssh.1 servconf.c sshd_config.5 sshd.c channels.h servconf.h
ssh-keyscan.1 ssh-keyscan.c readconf.c sshconnect.c misc.c ssh.c
readconf.h scp.1 sftp.1 ssh_config.5 misc.h]
Remove RoutingDomain from ssh since it's now not needed. It can be
replaced with "route exec" or "nc -V" as a proxycommand. "route exec"
also ensures that trafic such as DNS lookups stays withing the specified
routingdomain. For example (from reyk):
# route -T 2 exec /usr/sbin/sshd
or inherited from the parent process
$ route -T 2 exec sh
$ ssh 10.1.2.3
ok deraadt@ markus@ stevesk@ reyk@
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[sshd_config.5 ssh_config.5]
sort previous;
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[sshd_config.5 readconf.c ssh_config.5 scp.1 servconf.c sftp.1 ssh.1]
Rename RDomain config option to RoutingDomain to be more clear and
consistent with other options.
NOTE: if you currently use RDomain in the ssh client or server config,
or ssh/sshd -o, you must update to use RoutingDomain.
ok markus@ djm@
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[ssh_config.5]
explain the constraints on LocalCommand some more so people don't
try to abuse it.
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[ssh_config.5 sshd.c misc.h ssh-keyscan.1 readconf.h sshconnect.c
channels.c channels.h servconf.h servconf.c ssh.1 ssh-keyscan.c scp.1
sftp.1 sshd_config.5 readconf.c ssh.c misc.c]
Allow to set the rdomain in ssh/sftp/scp/sshd and ssh-keyscan.
ok markus@
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for a while, but there's no GSSAPI patch available for it yet.
- Change the default cipher order to prefer the AES CTR modes and the
revised "arcfour256" mode to CBC mode ciphers that are susceptible to
CPNI-957037 "Plaintext Recovery Attack Against SSH".
- Add countermeasures to mitigate CPNI-957037-style attacks against the
SSH protocol's use of CBC-mode ciphers. Upon detection of an invalid
packet length or Message Authentication Code, ssh/sshd will continue
reading up to the maximum supported packet length rather than
immediately terminating the connection. This eliminates most of the
known differences in behaviour that leaked information about the
plaintext of injected data which formed the basis of this attack
(closes: #506115, LP: #379329).
- ForceCommand directive now accepts commandline arguments for the
internal-sftp server (closes: #524423, LP: #362511).
- Add AllowAgentForwarding to available Match keywords list (closes:
#540623).
- Make ssh(1) send the correct channel number for
SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS and SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE messages to
avoid triggering 'Non-public channel' error messages on sshd(8) in
openssh-5.1.
- Avoid printing 'Non-public channel' warnings in sshd(8), since the
ssh(1) has sent incorrect channel numbers since ~2004 (this reverts a
behaviour introduced in openssh-5.1; closes: #496017).
* Update to GSSAPI patch from
http://www.sxw.org.uk/computing/patches/openssh-5.2p1-gsskex-all-20090726.patch,
including cascading credentials support (LP: #416958).
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[sshd_config.5 ssh_config.5 sshd.8 ssh.1]
some tweaks now that protocol 1 is not offered by default; ok markus
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- markus@cvs.openbsd.org 2009/10/08 14:03:41
[sshd_config readconf.c ssh_config.5 servconf.c sshd_config.5]
disable protocol 1 by default (after a transition period of about 10 years)
ok deraadt
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[ssh_config.5 sshd_config.5]
don't advertise experimental options
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[ssh_config.5]
kill trailing whitespace;
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[ssh_config.5]
document RemoteForward usage with 0 listen port
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[ssh_config.5 sshd_config.5]
sync list of preferred ciphers; ok djm@
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[auth.h auth2.c monitor.c monitor.h monitor_wrap.c monitor_wrap.h]
[readconf.c readconf.h servconf.c servconf.h ssh2.h ssh_config.5]
[sshconnect2.c sshd_config.5 jpake.c jpake.h schnorr.c auth2-jpake.c]
[Makefile.in]
Add support for an experimental zero-knowledge password authentication
method using the J-PAKE protocol described in F. Hao, P. Ryan,
"Password Authenticated Key Exchange by Juggling", 16th Workshop on
Security Protocols, Cambridge, April 2008.
This method allows password-based authentication without exposing
the password to the server. Instead, the client and server exchange
cryptographic proofs to demonstrate of knowledge of the password while
revealing nothing useful to an attacker or compromised endpoint.
This is experimental, work-in-progress code and is presently
compiled-time disabled (turn on -DJPAKE in Makefile.inc).
"just commit it. It isn't too intrusive." deraadt@
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[ssh_config.5]
correct and clarify VisualHostKey; ok jmc@
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[ssh_config.5]
use 'Privileged ports can be forwarded only when logging in as root on
the remote machine.' for RemoteForward just like ssh.1 -R.
ok djm@ jmc@
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[ssh_config.5]
whitepsace -> whitespace. From Matthew Clarke via bugs@.
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backported to 4.7p1:
- 4.9/4.9p1 (http://www.openssh.com/txt/release-4.9):
+ Added chroot(2) support for sshd(8), controlled by a new option
"ChrootDirectory" (closes: #139047, LP: #24777).
+ Linked sftp-server(8) into sshd(8). The internal sftp server is used
when the command "internal-sftp" is specified in a Subsystem or
ForceCommand declaration. When used with ChrootDirectory, the
internal sftp server requires no special configuration of files
inside the chroot environment.
+ Added a protocol extension method "posix-rename@openssh.com" for
sftp-server(8) to perform POSIX atomic rename() operations; sftp(1)
prefers this if available (closes: #308561).
+ Removed the fixed limit of 100 file handles in sftp-server(8).
+ ssh(8) will now skip generation of SSH protocol 1 ephemeral server
keys when in inetd mode and protocol 2 connections are negotiated.
This speeds up protocol 2 connections to inetd-mode servers that
also allow Protocol 1.
+ Accept the PermitRootLogin directive in a sshd_config(5) Match
block. Allows for, e.g. permitting root only from the local network.
+ Reworked sftp(1) argument splitting and escaping to be more
internally consistent (i.e. between sftp commands) and more
consistent with sh(1). Please note that this will change the
interpretation of some quoted strings, especially those with
embedded backslash escape sequences.
+ Support "Banner=none" in sshd_config(5) to disable sending of a
pre-login banner (e.g. in a Match block).
+ ssh(1) ProxyCommands are now executed with $SHELL rather than
/bin/sh.
+ ssh(1)'s ConnectTimeout option is now applied to both the TCP
connection and the SSH banner exchange (previously it just covered
the TCP connection). This allows callers of ssh(1) to better detect
and deal with stuck servers that accept a TCP connection but don't
progress the protocol, and also makes ConnectTimeout useful for
connections via a ProxyCommand.
+ scp(1) incorrectly reported "stalled" on slow copies (closes:
#140828).
+ scp(1) date underflow for timestamps before epoch.
+ ssh(1) used the obsolete SIG DNS RRtype for host keys in DNS,
instead of the current standard RRSIG.
+ Correctly drain ACKs when a sftp(1) upload write fails midway,
avoids a fatal() exit from what should be a recoverable condition.
+ Fixed ssh-keygen(1) selective host key hashing (i.e. "ssh-keygen -HF
hostname") to not include any IP address in the data to be hashed.
+ Make ssh(1) skip listening on the IPv6 wildcard address when a
binding address of 0.0.0.0 is used against an old SSH server that
does not support the RFC4254 syntax for wildcard bind addresses.
+ Enable IPV6_V6ONLY socket option on sshd(8) listen socket, as is
already done for X11/TCP forwarding sockets (closes: #439661).
+ Fix FD leak that could hang a ssh(1) connection multiplexing master.
+ Make ssh(1) -q option documentation consistent with reality.
+ Fixed sshd(8) PAM support not calling pam_session_close(), or
failing to call it with root privileges (closes: #372680).
+ Fix activation of OpenSSL engine support when requested in configure
(LP: #119295).
- 5.1/5.1p1 (http://www.openssh.com/txt/release-5.1):
+ Introduce experimental SSH Fingerprint ASCII Visualisation to ssh(1)
and ssh-keygen(1). Visual fingerprint display is controlled by a new
ssh_config(5) option "VisualHostKey". The intent is to render SSH
host keys in a visual form that is amenable to easy recall and
rejection of changed host keys.
+ sshd_config(5) now supports CIDR address/masklen matching in "Match
address" blocks, with a fallback to classic wildcard matching.
+ sshd(8) now supports CIDR matching in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
from="..." restrictions, also with a fallback to classic wildcard
matching.
+ Added an extended test mode (-T) to sshd(8) to request that it write
its effective configuration to stdout and exit. Extended test mode
also supports the specification of connection parameters (username,
source address and hostname) to test the application of
sshd_config(5) Match rules.
+ ssh(1) now prints the number of bytes transferred and the overall
connection throughput for SSH protocol 2 sessions when in verbose
mode (previously these statistics were displayed for protocol 1
connections only).
+ sftp-server(8) now supports extension methods statvfs@openssh.com
and fstatvfs@openssh.com that implement statvfs(2)-like operations.
+ sftp(1) now has a "df" command to the sftp client that uses the
statvfs@openssh.com to produce a df(1)-like display of filesystem
space and inode utilisation (requires statvfs@openssh.com support on
the server).
+ Added a MaxSessions option to sshd_config(5) to allow control of the
number of multiplexed sessions supported over a single TCP
connection. This allows increasing the number of allowed sessions
above the previous default of 10, disabling connection multiplexing
(MaxSessions=1) or disallowing login/shell/subsystem sessions
entirely (MaxSessions=0).
+ Added a no-more-sessions@openssh.com global request extension that
is sent from ssh(1) to sshd(8) when the client knows that it will
never request another session (i.e. when session multiplexing is
disabled). This allows a server to disallow further session requests
and terminate the session in cases where the client has been
hijacked.
+ ssh-keygen(1) now supports the use of the -l option in combination
with -F to search for a host in ~/.ssh/known_hosts and display its
fingerprint.
+ ssh-keyscan(1) now defaults to "rsa" (protocol 2) keys, instead of
"rsa1".
+ Added an AllowAgentForwarding option to sshd_config(8) to control
whether authentication agent forwarding is permitted. Note that this
is a loose control, as a client may install their own unofficial
forwarder.
+ ssh(1) and sshd(8): avoid unnecessary malloc/copy/free when
receiving network data, resulting in a ~10% speedup.
+ ssh(1) and sshd(8) will now try additional addresses when connecting
to a port forward destination whose DNS name resolves to more than
one address. The previous behaviour was to try the only first
address and give up if that failed.
+ ssh(1) and sshd(8) now support signalling that channels are
half-closed for writing, through a channel protocol extension
notification "eow@openssh.com". This allows propagation of closed
file descriptors, so that commands such as "ssh -2 localhost od
/bin/ls | true" do not send unnecessary data over the wire.
+ sshd(8): increased the default size of ssh protocol 1 ephemeral keys
from 768 to 1024 bits.
+ When ssh(1) has been requested to fork after authentication ("ssh
-f") with ExitOnForwardFailure enabled, delay the fork until after
replies for any -R forwards have been seen. Allows for robust
detection of -R forward failure when using -f.
+ "Match group" blocks in sshd_config(5) now support negation of
groups. E.g. "Match group staff,!guests".
+ sftp(1) and sftp-server(8) now allow chmod-like operations to set
set[ug]id/sticky bits.
+ The MaxAuthTries option is now permitted in sshd_config(5) match
blocks.
+ Multiplexed ssh(1) sessions now support a subset of the ~ escapes
that are available to a primary connection.
+ ssh(1) connection multiplexing will now fall back to creating a new
connection in most error cases (closes: #352830).
+ Make ssh(1) deal more gracefully with channel requests that fail.
Previously it would optimistically assume that requests would always
succeed, which could cause hangs if they did not (e.g. when the
server runs out of file descriptors).
+ ssh(1) now reports multiplexing errors via the multiplex slave's
stderr where possible (subject to LogLevel in the mux master).
+ Prevent sshd(8) from erroneously applying public key restrictions
leaned from ~/.ssh/authorized_keys to other authentication methods
when public key authentication subsequently fails (LP: #161047).
+ Fixed an UMAC alignment problem that manifested on Itanium
platforms.
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[readconf.c readconf.h ssh.1 ssh_config.5 sshconnect.c]
Move SSH Fingerprint Visualization away from sharing the config option
CheckHostIP to an own config option named VisualHostKey.
While there, fix the behaviour that ssh would draw a random art picture
on every newly seen host even when the option was not enabled.
prodded by deraadt@, discussions,
help and ok markus@ djm@ dtucker@
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[ssh_config.5 ssh-keygen.1]
tweak the ascii art text; ok grunk
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[ssh_config.5 ssh.c]
keyword expansion for localcommand. ok djm@
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[ssh_config.5]
CheckHostIP set to ``fingerprint'' will display both hex and random art
spotted by naddy@
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[ssh_config.5 key.h readconf.c readconf.h ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keygen.c key.c
sshconnect.c]
Introduce SSH Fingerprint ASCII Visualization, a technique inspired by the
graphical hash visualization schemes known as "random art", and by
Dan Kaminsky's musings on the subject during a BlackOp talk at the
23C3 in Berlin.
Scientific publication (original paper):
"Hash Visualization: a New Technique to improve Real-World Security",
Perrig A. and Song D., 1999, International Workshop on Cryptographic
Techniques and E-Commerce (CrypTEC '99)
http://sparrow.ece.cmu.edu/~adrian/projects/validation/validation.pdf
The algorithm used here is a worm crawling over a discrete plane,
leaving a trace (augmenting the field) everywhere it goes.
Movement is taken from dgst_raw 2bit-wise. Bumping into walls
makes the respective movement vector be ignored for this turn,
thus switching to the other color of the chessboard.
Graphs are not unambiguous for now, because circles in graphs can be
walked in either direction.
discussions with several people,
help, corrections and ok markus@ djm@
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[ssh_config.5]
clarify that Host patterns are space-separated. ok deraadt
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server (LP: #232391). To override the blacklist check in ssh
temporarily, use 'ssh -o UseBlacklistedKeys=yes'; there is no override
for the blacklist check in ssh-add.
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sshd_config(5) (closes: #327886, #345628).
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- CVE-2007-4752: Prevent ssh(1) from using a trusted X11 cookie if
creation of an untrusted cookie fails; found and fixed by Jan Pechanec
(closes: #444738).
- sshd(8) in new installations defaults to SSH Protocol 2 only. Existing
installations are unchanged.
- The SSH channel window size has been increased, and both ssh(1)
sshd(8) now send window updates more aggressively. These improves
performance on high-BDP (Bandwidth Delay Product) networks.
- ssh(1) and sshd(8) now preserve MAC contexts between packets, which
saves 2 hash calls per packet and results in 12-16% speedup for
arcfour256/hmac-md5.
- A new MAC algorithm has been added, UMAC-64 (RFC4418) as
"umac-64@openssh.com". UMAC-64 has been measured to be approximately
20% faster than HMAC-MD5.
- Failure to establish a ssh(1) TunnelForward is now treated as a fatal
error when the ExitOnForwardFailure option is set.
- ssh(1) returns a sensible exit status if the control master goes away
without passing the full exit status.
- When using a ProxyCommand in ssh(1), set the outgoing hostname with
gethostname(2), allowing hostbased authentication to work.
- Make scp(1) skip FIFOs rather than hanging (closes: #246774).
- Encode non-printing characters in scp(1) filenames. These could cause
copies to be aborted with a "protocol error".
- Handle SIGINT in sshd(8) privilege separation child process to ensure
that wtmp and lastlog records are correctly updated.
- Report GSSAPI mechanism in errors, for libraries that support multiple
mechanisms.
- Improve documentation for ssh-add(1)'s -d option.
- Rearrange and tidy GSSAPI code, removing server-only code being linked
into the client.
- Delay execution of ssh(1)'s LocalCommand until after all forwardings
have been established.
- In scp(1), do not truncate non-regular files.
- Improve exit message from ControlMaster clients.
- Prevent sftp-server(8) from reading until it runs out of buffer space,
whereupon it would exit with a fatal error (closes: #365541).
- pam_end() was not being called if authentication failed
(closes: #405041).
- Manual page datestamps updated (closes: #433181).
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[ssh_config.5]
clean up after previous macro removal;
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[ssh_config.5]
ProxyCommand and LocalCommand use the user's shell, not /bin/sh; ok djm@
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[ssh_config.5]
document KbdInteractiveAuthentication in ssh_config.5;
patch from dkg AT fifthhorseman.net
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[ssh_config.5]
tun device forwarding now honours ExitOnForwardFailure; ok markus@
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sshd_config(5).
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changes not previously backported to 4.3p2:
- 4.4/4.4p1 (http://www.openssh.org/txt/release-4.4):
+ On portable OpenSSH, fix a GSSAPI authentication abort that could be
used to determine the validity of usernames on some platforms.
+ Implemented conditional configuration in sshd_config(5) using the
"Match" directive. This allows some configuration options to be
selectively overridden if specific criteria (based on user, group,
hostname and/or address) are met. So far a useful subset of
post-authentication options are supported and more are expected to
be added in future releases.
+ Add support for Diffie-Hellman group exchange key agreement with a
final hash of SHA256.
+ Added a "ForceCommand" directive to sshd_config(5). Similar to the
command="..." option accepted in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, this forces
the execution of the specified command regardless of what the user
requested. This is very useful in conjunction with the new "Match"
option.
+ Add a "PermitOpen" directive to sshd_config(5). This mirrors the
permitopen="..." authorized_keys option, allowing fine-grained
control over the port-forwardings that a user is allowed to
establish.
+ Add optional logging of transactions to sftp-server(8).
+ ssh(1) will now record port numbers for hosts stored in
~/.ssh/known_hosts when a non-standard port has been requested
(closes: #50612).
+ Add an "ExitOnForwardFailure" option to cause ssh(1) to exit (with a
non-zero exit code) when requested port forwardings could not be
established.
+ Extend sshd_config(5) "SubSystem" declarations to allow the
specification of command-line arguments.
+ Replacement of all integer overflow susceptible invocations of
malloc(3) and realloc(3) with overflow-checking equivalents.
+ Many manpage fixes and improvements.
+ Add optional support for OpenSSL hardware accelerators (engines),
enabled using the --with-ssl-engine configure option.
+ Tokens in configuration files may be double-quoted in order to
contain spaces (closes: #319639).
+ Move a debug() call out of a SIGCHLD handler, fixing a hang when the
session exits very quickly (closes: #307890).
+ Fix some incorrect buffer allocation calculations (closes: #410599).
+ ssh-add doesn't ask for a passphrase if key file permissions are too
liberal (closes: #103677).
+ Likewise, ssh doesn't ask either (closes: #99675).
- 4.6/4.6p1 (http://www.openssh.org/txt/release-4.6):
+ sshd now allows the enabling and disabling of authentication methods
on a per user, group, host and network basis via the Match directive
in sshd_config.
+ Fixed an inconsistent check for a terminal when displaying scp
progress meter (closes: #257524).
+ Fix "hang on exit" when background processes are running at the time
of exit on a ttyful/login session (closes: #88337).
* Update to current GSSAPI patch from
http://www.sxw.org.uk/computing/patches/openssh-4.6p1-gsskex-20070312.patch;
install ChangeLog.gssapi.
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[ssh_config.5]
put the MAC list into a display, like we do for ciphers,
since groff has trouble handling wide lines;
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[kex.h mac.c mac.h monitor_wrap.c myproposal.h packet.c ssh.1]
[ssh_config.5 sshd.8 sshd_config.5]
Add a new MAC algorithm for data integrity, UMAC-64 (not default yet,
must specify umac-64@openssh.com). Provides about 20% end-to-end speedup
compared to hmac-md5. Represents a different approach to message
authentication to that of HMAC that may be beneficial if HMAC based on
one of its underlying hash algorithms is found to be vulnerable to a
new attack. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4418.txt
in conjunction with and OK djm@
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[scp.1 ssh_config.5 sftp-server.8 ssh-agent.1 sshd_config.5 sftp.1
ssh-keygen.1 ssh-keyscan.1 ssh-add.1 sshd.8 ssh.1 ssh-keysign.8]
convert to new .Dd format;
(We will need to teach mdoc2man.awk to understand this too.)
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[ssh_config.5]
do not use a list for SYNOPSIS;
this is actually part of a larger report sent by eric s. raymond
and forwarded by brad, but i only read half of it. spotted by brad.
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[ssh_config.5]
avoid confusing wording in HashKnownHosts:
originally spotted by alan amesbury;
ok deraadt
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[clientloop.c ssh.1 ssh.c channels.c ssh_config.5 readconf.h session.c
channels.h readconf.c]
add ExitOnForwardFailure: terminate the connection if ssh(1)
cannot set up all requested dynamic, local, and remote port
forwardings. ok djm, dtucker, stevesk, jmc
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[ssh.1 ssh.c ssh_config.5 sshd_config.5]
more details and clarity for tun(4) device forwarding; ok and help
jmc@
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[ssh_config.5]
oops - previous was too long; split the list of auths up
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