path: root/ssh-vulnkey.1

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.Dd $Mdocdate: May 12 2008 $
.Dt SSH-VULNKEY 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ssh-vulnkey
.Nd check blacklist of compromised keys
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl q | Fl v
.Ar file ...
.Nm
.Fl a
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
checks a key against a blacklist of compromised keys.
.Pp
A substantial number of keys are known to have been generated using a broken
version of OpenSSL distributed by Debian which failed to seed its random
number generator correctly.
Keys generated using these OpenSSL versions should be assumed to be
compromised.
This tool may be useful in checking for such keys.
.Pp
Keys that are compromised cannot be repaired; replacements must be generated
using
.Xr ssh-keygen 1 .
Make sure to update
.Pa authorized_keys
files on all systems where compromised keys were permitted to authenticate.
.Pp
The argument list will be interpreted as a list of paths to public key files
or
.Pa authorized_keys
files.
If no suitable file is found at a given path,
.Nm
will append
.Pa .pub
and retry, in case it was given a private key file.
If no files are given as arguments,
.Nm
will check
.Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/identity ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
and
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 ,
as well as the system's host keys if readable.
.Pp
If
.Dq -
is given as an argument,
.Nm
will read from standard input.
This can be used to process output from
.Xr ssh-keyscan 1 ,
for example:
.Pp
.Dl $ ssh-keyscan -t rsa remote.example.org | ssh-vulnkey -
.Pp
.Nm
will exit zero if any of the given keys were in the compromised list,
otherwise non-zero.
.Pp
Unless the
.Cm PermitBlacklistedKeys
option is used,
.Xr sshd 8
will reject attempts to authenticate with keys in the compromised list.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
Check keys of all users on the system.
You will typically need to run
.Nm
as root to use this option.
For each user,
.Nm
will check
.Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/identity ,
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
and
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 .
It will also check the system's host keys.
.It Fl q
Quiet mode.
Normally,
.Nm
outputs the fingerprint of each key scanned, with a description of its
status.
This option suppresses that output.
.It Fl v
Verbose mode.
Normally,
.Nm
does not output anything for keys that are not listed in their corresponding
blacklist file (although it still produces output for keys for which there
is no blacklist file, since their status is unknown).
This option causes
.Nm
to produce output for all keys.
.El
.Sh BLACKLIST FILE FORMAT
The blacklist file may start with comments, on lines starting with
.Dq # .
After these initial comments, it must follow a strict format:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
.It
All the lines must be exactly the same length (20 characters followed by a
newline) and must be in sorted order.
.It
Each line must consist of the lower-case hexadecimal MD5 key fingerprint,
without colons, and with the first 12 characters removed (that is, the least
significant 80 bits of the fingerprint).
.El
.Pp
The key fingerprint may be generated using
.Xr ssh-keygen 1 :
.Pp
.Dl $ ssh-keygen -l -f /path/to/key
.Pp
This strict format is necessary to allow the blacklist file to be checked
quickly, using a binary-search algorithm.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa
If present, contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of
the user.
.It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa
If present, contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of
the user.
.It Pa ~/.ssh/identity
If present, contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of
the user.
.It Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
If present, lists the public keys (RSA/DSA) that can be used for logging in
as this user.
.It Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2
Obsolete name for
.Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys .
This file may still be present on some old systems, but should not be
created if it is missing.
.It Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
If present, contains the protocol version 2 RSA identity of the system.
.It Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
If present, contains the protocol version 2 DSA identity of the system.
.It Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
If present, contains the protocol version 1 RSA identity of the system.
.It Pa /usr/share/ssh/blacklist. Ns Ar TYPE Ns Pa - Ns Ar LENGTH
If present, lists the blacklisted keys of type
.Ar TYPE
.Pf ( Dq RSA
or
.Dq DSA )
and bit length
.Ar LENGTH .
The format of this file is described above.
RSA1 keys are converted to RSA before being checked in the blacklist.
Note that the fingerprints of RSA1 keys are computed differently, so you
will not be able to find them in the blacklist by hand.
.It Pa /etc/ssh/blacklist. Ns Ar TYPE Ns Pa - Ns Ar LENGTH
Same as
.Pa /usr/share/ssh/blacklist. Ns Ar TYPE Ns Pa - Ns Ar LENGTH ,
but may be edited by the system administrator to add new blacklist entries.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
.Xr sshd 8
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
.An Colin Watson Aq cjwatson@ubuntu.com
.Pp
Florian Weimer suggested the option to check keys of all users, and the idea
of processing
.Xr ssh-keyscan 1
output.