calendar entries

1 files changed, 123 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/CosmicCalendar.hs b/CosmicCalendar.hs
index 37b9ece..4944132 100644
--- a/CosmicCalendar.hs
+++ b/CosmicCalendar.hs
@@ -305,8 +305,130 @@ theCalendarList =
     "Vascular plants"
     ""
     "These are literally garden-variety plants, such as ferns, grasses, trees and cacti. They are able to grow tall canopies to capture more light."
-    "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/timeline-of-photosynthesis-on-earth/"
+    "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/timeline-of-photosynthesis-on-earth/",
+
+    CalendarEntry (2.05 & billionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Eukaryotic cells"
+    "Cells with nucleus (inner membrane holding DNA)"
+    [text|
+    Eukaryotes (/juːˈkærioʊts, -əts/) are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope.[1][2][3] They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya; their name comes from the Greek εὖ (eu, "well" or "good") and κάρυον (karyon, "nut" or "kernel").[4] The domain Eukaryota makes up one of the three domains of life; bacteria and archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains.[5][6] The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard archaea.[7][8] This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea.[9][10] Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms;[11] however, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes.[11] Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as flagellated phagotrophs.[12][13]
+    |]
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote",
+
+    CalendarEntry (3.77 & billionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Life on Earth"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    The earliest time for the origin of life on Earth is at least 3.77 billion years ago, possibly as early as 4.28 billion years,[2] or even 4.41 billion years[4][5]—not long after the oceans formed 4.5 billion years ago, and after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago.[2][3][6][7]
+    |]
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms",
+
+    CalendarEntry (3.42 & billionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Earliest known life on Earth"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    The earliest known life forms on Earth are putative fossilized microorganisms found in hydrothermal vent precipitates, considered to be about 3.42 billion years old.[1][2] The earliest time for the origin of life on Earth is at least 3.77 billion years ago, possibly as early as 4.28 billion years,[2] or even 4.41 billion years[4][5]—not long after the oceans formed 4.5 billion years ago, and after the formation of the Earth 4.54 billion years ago.[2][3][6][7] The earliest direct evidence of life on Earth is from microfossils of microorganisms permineralized in 3.465-billion-year-old Australian Apex chert rocks.[8][9] 
+    |]
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms",
+
+    CalendarEntry (750 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Bones and shells"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    A series of spectacularly preserved, 750-million-year-old fossils represent the microscopic origins of biomineralization, or the ability to convert minerals into hard, physical structures. This process is what makes bones, shells, teeth and hair possible, literally shaping the animal kingdom and even Earth itself.
+
+    The fossils were pried from ancient rock formations in Canada's Yukon by earth scientists Francis Macdonald and Phoebe Cohen of Harvard University. In a June Geology paper, they describe their findings as providing "a unique window into the diversity of early eukaryotes."
 
+    Using molecular clocks and genetic trees to reverse-engineer evolutionary histories, previous research placed the beginning of biomineralization at about 750 million years ago. Around that time, the fossil record gets suggestive, turning up vase-shaped amoebas with something like scales in their cell walls, algae with cell walls possibly made from calcium carbonate and sponge-like creatures with seemingly mineralized bodies.
+    |]
+    "https://www.wired.com/2011/06/first-shells/",
+
+    CalendarEntry (440 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Fish with jaws"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    Prehistoric armoured fishes called placoderms were the first fishes to have jaws. They arose some time in the Silurian Period, about 440 million years ago, to become the most abundant and diverse fishes of their day.
+
+Placoderms dominated the oceans, rivers and lakes for some 80 million years, before their sudden extinction around 359 million years ago. This is possibly due to the depletion of trace elements in our oceans.
+    |]
+    "",
+
+    CalendarEntry (518 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Vertebrates"
+    "Animals with backbones"
+    [text|
+    Vertebrates (/ˈvɜːrtəbrɪts, -ˌbreɪts/)[3] comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata (/ˌvɜːrtəˈbreɪtə/)[4] (chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described.[5]
+    |]
+    "",
+
+    CalendarEntry (385 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Insects"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    Comprising up to 10 million living species, insects today can be found on all seven continents and inhabit every terrestrial niche imaginable. But according to the fossil record, they were scarce before about 325 million years ago, outnumbered by their arthropod cousins the arachnids (spiders, scorpions and mites) and myriapods (centipedes and millipedes).
+
+    The oldest confirmed insect fossil is that of a wingless, silverfish-like creature that lived about 385 million years ago. It’s not until about 60 million years later, during a period of the Earth’s history known as the Pennsylvanian, that insect fossils become abundant.
+    |]
+    "https://earth.stanford.edu/news/insects-took-when-they-evolved-wings",
+
+    CalendarEntry (368 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Amphibians"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    The earliest well-known amphibian, Ichthyostega, was found in Late Devonian deposits in Greenland, dating back about 363 million years. The earliest amphibian discovered to date is Elginerpeton, found in Late Devonian rocks of Scotland dating to approximately 368 million years ago. The later Paleozoic saw a great diversity of amphibians, ranging from small legless swimming forms (Aistopoda) to bizarre "horned" forms (Nectridea). Other Paleozoic amphibians more or less resembled salamanders outwardly but differed in details of skeletal structure. Exactly how to classify these fossils, and how they might be related to living amphibians, is still debated by paleontologists. Shown at the right is Phlegethontia, an aistopod from the Pennsylvanian.
+
+     The familiar frogs, toads, and salamanders have been present since at least the Jurassic Period. (The fossil frog pictured to the left is much younger, coming from the Eocene, only 45 to 55 million years ago). Fossil caecilians are very rare; until recently the oldest known caecilians were Cenozoic in age (that is, less than 65 million years old), but recent finds have pushed back the ancestry of the legless caecilians to Jurassic ancestors that had short legs. The rarity of fossil caecilians is probably due to their burrowing habitat and reduced skeleton, both of which lessen the chances of preservation.
+
+    |]
+    "https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/tetrapods/amphibfr.html",
+
+    CalendarEntry (320 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Reptiles"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    Reptiles, in the traditional sense of the term, are defined as animals that have scales or scutes, lay land-based hard-shelled eggs, and possess ectothermic metabolisms.
+
+    Though few reptiles today are apex predators, many examples of apex reptiles have existed in the past. Reptiles have an extremely diverse evolutionary history that has led to biological successes, such as dinosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and ichthyosaurs.
+    |]
+    [text|
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_reptiles
+    https://www.thoughtco.com/the-first-reptiles-1093767
+    |],
+
+    CalendarEntry (335 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Pangea forms"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiː.ə/)[1] was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.[2] It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic.[3] In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass, Pangaea was centred on the Equator and surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists.
+    |]
+    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea",
+
+    CalendarEntry (243 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Dinosaurs"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    For the past twenty years, Eoraptor has represented the beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. This controversial little creature–found in the roughly 231-million-year-old rock of Argentina–has often been cited as the earliest known dinosaur. But Eoraptor has either just been stripped of that title, or soon will be. A newly-described fossil found decades ago in Tanzania extends the dawn of the dinosaurs more than 10 million years further back in time.
+
+Named Nyasasaurus parringtoni, the roughly 243-million-year-old fossils represent either the oldest known dinosaur or the closest known relative to the earliest dinosaurs. The find was announced by University of Washington paleontologist Sterling Nesbitt and colleagues in Biology Letters, and I wrote a short news item about the discovery for Nature News. The paper presents a significant find that is also a tribute to the work of Alan Charig–who studied and named the animal, but never formally published a description–but it isn’t just that. The recognition of Nyasasaurus right near the base of the dinosaur family tree adds to a growing body of evidence that the ancestors of dinosaurs proliferated in the wake of a catastrophic mass extinction.
+    |]
+    [text|
+    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/scientists-discover-oldest-known-dinosaur-152807497/
+    |],
+
+    CalendarEntry (518 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Vertebrates"
+    "Animals with backbones"
+    [text|
+    Vertebrates (/ˈvɜːrtəbrɪts, -ˌbreɪts/)[3] comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata (/ˌvɜːrtəˈbreɪtə/)[4] (chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described.[5]
+    |]
+    "",
+
+    CalendarEntry (600 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
+    "Multicellular life"
+    ""
+    [text|
+    |]
+    ""
     ]
 
   where