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authorAndrew Cady <d@cryptonomic.net>2022-09-16 23:57:22 -0400
committerAndrew Cady <d@cryptonomic.net>2022-09-16 23:57:22 -0400
commitf0ec7e594f1aedfc5b0cfa6ee8d0ebec058910bc (patch)
treec3ca048ee58dd190b884bde4cde8298897a1eb18
parentab3127bf516af38a9d3ac6eef8717c09fb5bcd62 (diff)
add more calendar entries
-rw-r--r--CosmicCalendar.hs47
1 files changed, 45 insertions, 2 deletions
diff --git a/CosmicCalendar.hs b/CosmicCalendar.hs
index 290fa3a..38a8c86 100644
--- a/CosmicCalendar.hs
+++ b/CosmicCalendar.hs
@@ -126,8 +126,51 @@ theCalendarList =
126 "Formation of Earth" 126 "Formation of Earth"
127 "" 127 ""
128 earthDescription 128 earthDescription
129 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth#Solar_System_formation" 129 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth#Solar_System_formation",
130 ] 130
131 CalendarEntry (3.4 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
132 "First Stone Tools"
133 "Mode I: The Oldowan Industry"
134 [text|
135 (Stones with sharp edges.)
136
137 The earliest known Oldowan tools yet found date from 2.6 million years ago, during the Lower Palaeolithic period, and have been uncovered at Gona in Ethiopia.[16] After this date, the Oldowan Industry subsequently spread throughout much of Africa, although archaeologists are currently unsure which Hominan species first developed them, with some speculating that it was Australopithecus garhi, and others believing that it was in fact Homo habilis.[17]
138
139 Homo habilis was the hominin who used the tools for most of the Oldowan in Africa, but at about 1.9-1.8 million years ago Homo erectus inherited them. The Industry flourished in southern and eastern Africa between 2.6 and 1.7 million years ago, but was also spread out of Africa and into Eurasia by travelling bands of H. erectus, who took it as far east as Java by 1.8 million years ago and Northern China by 1.6 million years ago.
140 |]
141 "",
142
143 CalendarEntry (1.8 & millionYearsAgo) Nothing
144 "First major transition in stone tool technology"
145 "Mode II: The Acheulean Industry"
146 "From the Konso Formation of Ethiopia, Acheulean hand-axes are dated to about 1.5 million years ago using radiometric dating of deposits containing volcanic ashes.[6] Acheulean tools in South Asia have also been found to be dated as far as 1.5 million years ago.[7] However, the earliest accepted examples of the Acheulean currently known come from the West Turkana region of Kenya and were first described by a French-led archaeology team.[8] These particular Acheulean tools were recently dated through the method of magnetostratigraphy to about 1.76 million years ago, making them the oldest not only in Africa but the world.[9] The earliest user of Acheulean tools was Homo ergaster, who first appeared about 1.8 million years ago. Not all researchers use this formal name, and instead prefer to call these users early Homo erectus.[3]"
147 "",
148
149 CalendarEntry (160 & thousandYearsAgo) Nothing
150 "Second major transition in stone tool technology"
151 "Mode III: The Levallois technique; The Mousterian Industry"
152 [text|
153 (Stone scrapers, knives, and projectile points)
154
155 The technique is first found in the Lower Palaeolithic but is most commonly associated with the Neanderthal Mousterian industries of the Middle Palaeolithic. In the Levant, the Levallois technique was also used by anatomically modern humans during the Middle Stone Age. In North Africa, the Levallois technique was used in the Middle Stone Age, most notably in the Aterian industry to produce very small projectile points. While Levallois cores do display some variability in their platforms, their flake production surfaces show remarkable uniformity. As the Levallois technique is counterintuitive, teaching the process is necessary and thus language is a prerequisite for such technology.[2]
156
157 The Mousterian (or Mode III) is a techno-complex (archaeological industry) of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and to a lesser extent the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia. The Mousterian largely defines the latter part of the Middle Paleolithic, the middle of the West Eurasian Old Stone Age. It lasted roughly from 160,000 to 40,000 BP. If its predecessor, known as Levallois or Levallois-Mousterian, is included, the range is extended to as early as c. 300,000–200,000 BP.[2] The main following period is the Aurignacian (c. 43,000–28,000 BP) of Homo sapiens.
158 |]
159 "",
160
161 CalendarEntry (50 & thousandYearsAgo) Nothing
162 "Third major transition in stone tool technology"
163 "Mode IV: The Aurignacian Industry"
164 "The widespread use of long blades (rather than flakes) of the Upper Palaeolithic Mode 4 industries appeared during the Upper Palaeolithic between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago, although blades were produced in small quantities much earlier by Neanderthals.[20] The Aurignacian culture seems to have been the first to rely largely on blades.[21] The use of blades exponentially increases the efficiency of core usage compared to the Levallois flake technique, which had a similar advantage over Acheulean technology which was worked from cores."
165 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_tool#Mode_IV:_The_Aurignacian_Industry",
166
167 CalendarEntry (35 & thousandYearsAgo) Nothing
168 "Last major transition in stone tool technology"
169 "Mode V: The Microlithic Industries"
170 "Mode 5 stone tools involve the production of microliths, which were used in composite tools, mainly fastened to a shaft.[22] Examples include the Magdalenian culture. Such a technology makes much more efficient use of available materials like flint, although required greater skill in manufacturing the small flakes. Mounting sharp flint edges in a wood or bone handle is the key innovation in microliths, essentially because the handle gives the user protection against the flint and also improves leverage of the device."
171 "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_tool#Mode_V:_The_Microlithic_Industries"
172 ]
173
131 where 174 where
132 earthDescription = [text| 175 earthDescription = [text|
133 The standard model for the formation of the Solar System (including the Earth) is the solar nebula hypothesis.[23] In this model, the Solar System formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the solar nebula. It was composed of hydrogen and helium created shortly after the Big Bang 13.8 Ga (billion years ago) and heavier elements ejected by supernovae. About 4.5 Ga, the nebula began a contraction that may have been triggered by the shock wave from a nearby supernova.[24] A shock wave would have also made the nebula rotate. As the cloud began to accelerate, its angular momentum, gravity, and inertia flattened it into a protoplanetary disk perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Small perturbations due to collisions and the angular momentum of other large debris created the means by which kilometer-sized protoplanets began to form, orbiting the nebular center.[25] 176 The standard model for the formation of the Solar System (including the Earth) is the solar nebula hypothesis.[23] In this model, the Solar System formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the solar nebula. It was composed of hydrogen and helium created shortly after the Big Bang 13.8 Ga (billion years ago) and heavier elements ejected by supernovae. About 4.5 Ga, the nebula began a contraction that may have been triggered by the shock wave from a nearby supernova.[24] A shock wave would have also made the nebula rotate. As the cloud began to accelerate, its angular momentum, gravity, and inertia flattened it into a protoplanetary disk perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Small perturbations due to collisions and the angular momentum of other large debris created the means by which kilometer-sized protoplanets began to form, orbiting the nebular center.[25]