Merge branch 'tidy' into dev

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diff --git a/src/Network/BitTorrent/Exchange/Bitfield.hs b/src/Network/BitTorrent/Exchange/Bitfield.hs
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+-- |
+--   Copyright   :  (c) Sam Truzjan 2013
+--   License     :  BSD3
+--   Maintainer  :  pxqr.sta@gmail.com
+--   Stability   :  experimental
+--   Portability :  portable
+--
+--   This modules provides all necessary machinery to work with
+--   bitfields. Bitfields are used to keep track indices of complete
+--   pieces either peer have or client have.
+--
+--   There are also commonly used piece seletion algorithms
+--   which used to find out which one next piece to download.
+--   Selectors considered to be used in the following order:
+--
+--     * Random first - at the start.
+--
+--     * Rarest first selection - performed to avoid situation when
+--     rarest piece is unaccessible.
+--
+--     * /End game/ seletion - performed after a peer has requested all
+--     the subpieces of the content.
+--
+--   Note that BitTorrent applies the strict priority policy for
+--   /subpiece/ or /blocks/ selection.
+--
+{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE RecordWildCards #-}
+module Network.BitTorrent.Exchange.Bitfield
+       ( -- * Bitfield
+         PieceIx
+       , PieceCount
+       , Bitfield
+
+         -- * Construction
+       , haveAll
+       , haveNone
+       , have
+       , singleton
+       , interval
+       , adjustSize
+
+         -- * Query
+         -- ** Cardinality
+       , Network.BitTorrent.Exchange.Bitfield.null
+       , Network.BitTorrent.Exchange.Bitfield.full
+       , haveCount
+       , totalCount
+       , completeness
+
+         -- ** Membership
+       , member
+       , notMember
+       , findMin
+       , findMax
+       , isSubsetOf
+
+         -- ** Availability
+       , complement
+       , Frequency
+       , frequencies
+       , rarest
+
+         -- * Combine
+       , insert
+       , union
+       , intersection
+       , difference
+
+         -- * Conversion
+       , toList
+       , fromList
+
+         -- * Serialization
+       , fromBitmap
+       , toBitmap
+
+         -- * Piece selection
+       , Selector
+       , selector
+       , strategyClass
+
+       , strictFirst
+       , strictLast
+       , rarestFirst
+       , randomFirst
+       , endGame
+       ) where
+
+import Control.Monad
+import Control.Monad.ST
+import           Data.ByteString (ByteString)
+import qualified Data.ByteString as B
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as Lazy
+import           Data.Vector.Unboxed (Vector)
+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as V
+import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as VM
+import           Data.IntervalSet (IntSet)
+import qualified Data.IntervalSet as S
+import qualified Data.IntervalSet.ByteString as S
+import           Data.List (foldl')
+import           Data.Monoid
+import           Data.Ratio
+
+import Data.Torrent
+
+-- TODO cache some operations
+
+-- | Bitfields are represented just as integer sets but with
+-- restriction: the each set should be within given interval (or
+-- subset of the specified interval). Size is used to specify
+-- interval, so bitfield of size 10 might contain only indices in
+-- interval [0..9].
+--
+data Bitfield = Bitfield {
+    bfSize :: !PieceCount
+  , bfSet  :: !IntSet
+  } deriving (Show, Read, Eq)
+
+-- Invariants: all elements of bfSet lie in [0..bfSize - 1];
+
+instance Monoid Bitfield where
+  {-# SPECIALIZE instance Monoid Bitfield #-}
+  mempty  = haveNone 0
+  mappend = union
+  mconcat = unions
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Construction
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+-- | The empty bitfield of the given size.
+haveNone :: PieceCount -> Bitfield
+haveNone s = Bitfield s S.empty
+
+-- | The full bitfield containing all piece indices for the given size.
+haveAll :: PieceCount -> Bitfield
+haveAll s = Bitfield s (S.interval 0 (s - 1))
+
+-- | Insert the index in the set ignoring out of range indices.
+have :: PieceIx -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+have ix Bitfield {..}
+  | 0 <= ix && ix < bfSize = Bitfield bfSize (S.insert ix bfSet)
+  |      otherwise         = Bitfield bfSize bfSet
+
+singleton :: PieceIx -> PieceCount -> Bitfield
+singleton ix pc = have ix (haveNone pc)
+
+-- | Assign new size to bitfield. FIXME Normally, size should be only
+-- decreased, otherwise exception raised.
+adjustSize :: PieceCount -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+adjustSize s Bitfield {..} = Bitfield s bfSet
+
+-- | NOTE: for internal use only
+interval :: PieceCount -> PieceIx -> PieceIx -> Bitfield
+interval pc a b = Bitfield pc (S.interval a b)
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Query
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+-- | Test if bitifield have no one index: peer do not have anything.
+null :: Bitfield -> Bool
+null Bitfield {..} = S.null bfSet
+
+-- | Test if bitfield have all pieces.
+full :: Bitfield -> Bool
+full Bitfield {..} = S.size bfSet == bfSize
+
+-- | Count of peer have pieces.
+haveCount :: Bitfield -> PieceCount
+haveCount = S.size . bfSet
+
+-- | Total count of pieces and its indices.
+totalCount :: Bitfield -> PieceCount
+totalCount = bfSize
+
+-- | Ratio of /have/ piece count to the /total/ piece count.
+--
+--   > forall bf. 0 <= completeness bf <= 1
+--
+completeness :: Bitfield -> Ratio PieceCount
+completeness b = haveCount b % totalCount b
+
+inRange :: PieceIx -> Bitfield -> Bool
+inRange ix Bitfield {..} = 0 <= ix && ix < bfSize
+
+member :: PieceIx -> Bitfield -> Bool
+member ix bf @ Bitfield {..}
+  | ix `inRange` bf = ix `S.member` bfSet
+  |     otherwise   = False
+
+notMember :: PieceIx -> Bitfield -> Bool
+notMember ix bf @ Bitfield {..}
+  | ix `inRange` bf = ix `S.notMember` bfSet
+  |     otherwise   = True
+
+-- | Find first available piece index.
+findMin :: Bitfield -> PieceIx
+findMin = S.findMin . bfSet
+{-# INLINE findMin #-}
+
+-- | Find last available piece index.
+findMax :: Bitfield -> PieceIx
+findMax = S.findMax . bfSet
+{-# INLINE findMax #-}
+
+-- | Check if all pieces from first bitfield present if the second bitfield
+isSubsetOf :: Bitfield -> Bitfield -> Bool
+isSubsetOf a b = bfSet a `S.isSubsetOf` bfSet b
+{-# INLINE isSubsetOf #-}
+
+-- | Resulting bitfield includes only missing pieces.
+complement :: Bitfield -> Bitfield
+complement Bitfield {..} = Bitfield
+  { bfSet  = uni `S.difference` bfSet
+  , bfSize = bfSize
+  }
+  where
+    Bitfield _ uni = haveAll bfSize
+{-# INLINE complement #-}
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Availability
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+-- | Frequencies are needed in piece selection startegies which use
+-- availability quantity to find out the optimal next piece index to
+-- download.
+type Frequency = Int
+
+-- TODO rename to availability
+-- | How many times each piece index occur in the given bitfield set.
+frequencies :: [Bitfield] -> Vector Frequency
+frequencies [] = V.fromList []
+frequencies xs = runST $ do
+    v <- VM.new size
+    VM.set v 0
+    forM_ xs $ \ Bitfield {..} -> do
+      forM_ (S.toList bfSet) $ \ x -> do
+        fr <- VM.read v x
+        VM.write v x (succ fr)
+    V.unsafeFreeze v
+  where
+    size = maximum (map bfSize xs)
+
+-- TODO it seems like this operation is veeery slow
+
+-- | Find least available piece index. If no piece available return
+-- 'Nothing'.
+rarest :: [Bitfield] -> Maybe PieceIx
+rarest xs
+    | V.null freqMap = Nothing
+    |     otherwise
+    = Just $ fst $ V.ifoldr' minIx (0, freqMap V.! 0) freqMap
+  where
+    freqMap = frequencies xs
+
+    minIx ::  PieceIx -> Frequency
+          -> (PieceIx,   Frequency)
+          -> (PieceIx,   Frequency)
+    minIx ix fr acc@(_, fra)
+      | fr < fra && fr > 0 = (ix, fr)
+      |     otherwise      = acc
+
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Combine
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+insert :: PieceIx -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+insert pix bf @ Bitfield {..}
+  | 0 <= pix && pix < bfSize = Bitfield
+    { bfSet  = S.insert pix bfSet
+    , bfSize = bfSize
+    }
+  | otherwise = bf
+
+-- | Find indices at least one peer have.
+union :: Bitfield -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+union a b = {-# SCC union #-} Bitfield {
+    bfSize = bfSize a `max` bfSize b
+  , bfSet  = bfSet a `S.union` bfSet b
+  }
+
+-- | Find indices both peers have.
+intersection :: Bitfield -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+intersection a b = {-# SCC intersection #-} Bitfield {
+    bfSize = bfSize a `min` bfSize b
+  , bfSet  = bfSet a `S.intersection` bfSet b
+  }
+
+-- | Find indices which have first peer but do not have the second peer.
+difference :: Bitfield -> Bitfield -> Bitfield
+difference a b = {-# SCC difference #-} Bitfield {
+    bfSize = bfSize a -- FIXME is it reasonable?
+  , bfSet  = bfSet a `S.difference` bfSet b
+  }
+
+-- | Find indices the any of the peers have.
+unions :: [Bitfield] -> Bitfield
+unions = {-# SCC unions #-} foldl' union (haveNone 0)
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Serialization
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+-- | List all /have/ indexes.
+toList :: Bitfield -> [PieceIx]
+toList Bitfield {..} = S.toList bfSet
+
+-- | Make bitfield from list of /have/ indexes.
+fromList :: PieceCount -> [PieceIx] -> Bitfield
+fromList s ixs = Bitfield {
+    bfSize = s
+  , bfSet  = S.splitGT (-1) $ S.splitLT s $ S.fromList ixs
+  }
+
+-- | Unpack 'Bitfield' from tightly packed bit array. Note resulting
+-- size might be more than real bitfield size, use 'adjustSize'.
+fromBitmap :: ByteString -> Bitfield
+fromBitmap bs = {-# SCC fromBitmap #-} Bitfield {
+    bfSize = B.length bs * 8
+  , bfSet  = S.fromByteString bs
+  }
+{-# INLINE fromBitmap #-}
+
+-- | Pack a 'Bitfield' to tightly packed bit array.
+toBitmap :: Bitfield -> Lazy.ByteString
+toBitmap Bitfield {..} = {-# SCC toBitmap #-} Lazy.fromChunks [intsetBM, alignment]
+  where
+    byteSize  = bfSize `div` 8 + if bfSize `mod` 8 == 0 then 0 else 1
+    alignment = B.replicate (byteSize - B.length intsetBM) 0
+    intsetBM  = S.toByteString bfSet
+
+{-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+--  Piece selection
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------}
+
+type Selector =  Bitfield      -- ^ Indices of client /have/ pieces.
+             ->  Bitfield      -- ^ Indices of peer /have/ pieces.
+             -> [Bitfield]     -- ^ Indices of other peers /have/ pieces.
+             -> Maybe PieceIx  -- ^ Zero-based index of piece to request
+                               --   to, if any.
+
+selector :: Selector       -- ^ Selector to use at the start.
+         -> Ratio PieceCount
+         -> Selector       -- ^ Selector to use after the client have
+                           -- the C pieces.
+         -> Selector       -- ^ Selector that changes behaviour based
+                           -- on completeness.
+selector start pt ready   h a xs =
+  case strategyClass pt h of
+    SCBeginning -> start h a xs
+    SCReady     -> ready h a xs
+    SCEnd       -> endGame h a xs
+
+data StartegyClass
+  = SCBeginning
+  | SCReady
+  | SCEnd
+    deriving (Show, Eq, Ord, Enum, Bounded)
+
+
+strategyClass :: Ratio PieceCount -> Bitfield -> StartegyClass
+strategyClass threshold = classify . completeness
+  where
+    classify c
+      |        c < threshold       = SCBeginning
+      | c + 1 % numerator c < 1    = SCReady
+    -- FIXME numerator have is not total count
+      |          otherwise         = SCEnd
+
+
+-- | Select the first available piece.
+strictFirst :: Selector
+strictFirst h a _ = Just $ findMin (difference a h)
+
+-- | Select the last available piece.
+strictLast :: Selector
+strictLast h a _ = Just $ findMax (difference a h)
+
+-- |
+rarestFirst :: Selector
+rarestFirst h a xs = rarest (map (intersection want) xs)
+  where
+    want = difference h a
+
+-- | In average random first is faster than rarest first strategy but
+--    only if all pieces are available.
+randomFirst :: Selector
+randomFirst = do
+--  randomIO
+  error "randomFirst"
+
+endGame :: Selector
+endGame = strictLast